Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Undergraduate students enrolled in the Faculty of Dentistry at Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University. * First-year and fifth-year dental students who agree to participate in the study and provide written informed consent. * Healthy students with no systemic diseases affecting oral health or halitosis assessment. * Students with normal nasal breathing ability. * Participants who comply with the pre-assessment instructions required for accurate halitosis measurements. * Participants who are able to complete the questionnaires and clinical evaluation procedures. Exclusion Criteria: * Students with systemic diseases that may affect halitosis, including diabetes mellitus, respiratory disorders, liver cirrhosis, chronic renal failure, or gastrointestinal disorders. * Participants with active upper respiratory tract infection, sinusitis, tonsilloliths, or other conditions affecting oral odor. * Participants with a history of antibiotic use within the previous 3 weeks. * Pregnant or breastfeeding students. * Students unwilling to provide written informed consent. * Students receiving active orthodontic treatment or requiring orthognathic treatment. * Participants unable to comply with the pre-assessment restrictions (dietary restrictions, oral hygiene restrictions, smoking and product-use restrictions) before halitosis evaluation.