Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Individuals with primary chronic low back pain aged ≥18 years, who present a moderate pain intensity (≥4 on the Numeric Pain Rating Scale) and a mild level of fear of movement. Exclusion Criteria: * have a diagnosis of spondylolisthesis or lumbar spinal stenosis; * are experiencing an exacerbation of low back pain symptoms at the time of screening; * present with constant and widespread nonspecific pain; * are in an active phase of rheumatoid arthritis; * have a progressive neurological disease; * are currently pregnant or within 6 months postpartum; * have a diagnosed psychiatric disorder; * have a malignant disease; * have serious cardiac conditions; * have contraindications to physical exercise in general;