Clinical Research Directory

Isometric shoulder exercises include flexion, extension, abduction, internal and external rotation. The protocol involves holding each position for 10 seconds, resting for 5 seconds, and performing 10 repetitions in 3 sessions per week over 6 weeks. Each exercise begins from a standing position with the elbow bent at 90 degrees and a towel used for support against a wall or door frame, ensuring minimal movement and maintaining good posture throughout.

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation Application Parameters: * Frequency: 80-100 Hertz * Pulse duration: 100-150 microseconds * Duration: 30 minutes * 3 sessions/week for 6 weeks Electrodes placed over the anterior and posterior shoulder.

1. Ultrasound Therapy: Administered at 3 MHz and 1.4 W/cm² for 5 minutes to improve shoulder tissue extensibility and blood circulation before exercises. 2. Codman's Pendular Exercises: Gentle passive mobilization of the glenohumeral joint is performed by allowing the affected arm to hang, aiming to reduce stiffness and pain. 3. Range of motion Exercises: Conducted within a pain-free range, progressively increasing intensity to encourage compliance. 4. Finger Ladder Exercise: Active-assisted technique for shoulder elevation, involving walking fingers up a wall. 5. Shoulder Joint Stretching Exercises: Targeting capsular tightness to improve flexibility and range of motion. Each exercise is performed in three sets of five repetitions, at least twice daily.