Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Aged ≥18 years; * Resided in Zaduo County for ≥6 months; * Undergoing painless (sedated) gastroscopy at our institution; * Absence of severe cardiopulmonary diseases or other conditions contraindicating gastroscopy; * Voluntary provision of written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * Emergency endoscopy; * History of partial or total esophagogastrectomy; * Planned endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) or endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD); * Comorbidities including severe cardiac, hepatic, or renal dysfunction, or malignant tumors; * Pregnancy or lactation, chronic alcoholism, or psychiatric disorders precluding cooperation; * Participation in other interventional clinical trials within the recent past; * Age \<18 years; * Incomplete endoscopic examination (e.g., poor preparation, technical failure); * Any other condition deemed unsuitable for participation by the investigator.