Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: Adult prevalent hemodialysis patients (age 18 years or older) On regular hemodialysis for more than 6 months, with three sessions per week, each lasting four hours Metabolic acidosis at the time of recruitment, defined as a serum bicarbonate level ≤22 mmol/L for at least 6 months before the study Exclusion Criteria: Patients with hemodialysis catheters Active inflammation, infection, or active malignancy History of parathyroidectomy Other organ failure, such as decompensated heart failure or liver failure