Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: Patient-related criteria * Children aged 4-9 years. * Healthy children with no systemic disease. * No regular medication use. * No known allergy to the study materials. * Cooperative patients able to undergo dental treatment. * Written informed consent obtained from the parent or legal guardian. Tooth-related criteria * Restorable primary molars with deep carious lesions requiring pulpotomy. * Clinical signs and symptoms consistent with reversible pulpitis (no spontaneous, lingering, or nocturnal pain). * No tenderness to percussion or pathological mobility. * No swelling or sinus tract associated with the study tooth. * Hemostasis achieved within 5 minutes after coronal pulp amputation. * No radiographic evidence of internal or external root resorption, furcation or periapical radiolucency, periodontal ligament widening, or pulp calcification. * At least two-thirds of the root length remaining. Exclusion Criteria: * Failure to meet any of the inclusion criteria. * No pulp exposure or pulp exposure ≤1 mm after complete caries removal. * Persistent pain during caries removal despite adequate local anesthesia, suggestive of advanced pulpal inflammation. * Excessive pulpal bleeding that could not be controlled within 5 minutes. * Presence of purulent exudate from the pulp. * Loss of patient cooperation during treatment. * Withdrawal of parental consent or inability to attend follow-up visits.