Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: -1. The patient must be aged\>18 years; 2. The diagnosis of portal hypertension must be confirmed, with gastroscopy revealing severe esophageal varices and a positive red sign; 3. For patients undergoing endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) due to esophageal varices (including those with hemorrhage or those eligible for elective ligation), successful intraoperative ligation is achieved (achieving hemostasis or completing the predetermined ligation procedure). 4\. Sign the informed consent form Exclusion Criteria: * 1\. Uncontrolled active bleeding or concurrent bleeding from gastric fundal varices; 2.History of prior TIPS, EVL, or surgical shunt procedures; 3. Presence of severe systemic diseases, such as sepsis, uremia, or advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); 4.Mechanical ventilation with retained catheter, inability to take oral intake, or significant dysphagia, or a history of major esophageal/gastric surgery that has impaired swallowing function; 5. Severe hepatic failure: Child-Pugh score\>13; profound jaundice (serum bilirubin\>10 mg/dL) accompanied by altered consciousness beyond Stage II or massive ascites; 6.Pregnancy or lactation; 7. Inability to provide informed consent.