Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: Individuals aged 46 to 69 years with established chronic coronary artery disease diagnosed more than 30 days after acute myocardial infarction, angiographic evidence of ≥50% stenosis in one or more epicardial coronary arteries, previous percutaneous coronary intervention, or previous coronary artery bypass graft surgery, with a body mass index (BMI) \<30 kg/m² and without symptoms of angina or dyspnea. Exclusion Criteria: Exclusion criteria include the use of antibiotics within the eight weeks preceding study enrollment; heart failure (New York Heart Association functional class ≥II); renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance \<30 mL/min calculated using the Cockcroft-Gault equation); and hepatic insufficiency (defined by thrombocytopenia, reduced serum albumin, and prolonged prothrombin time). Individuals with cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, obstructive biliary disease, or a history of digestive surgery, including cholecystectomy, gastrectomy, or colectomy, will also be excluded. Patients with diabetes mellitus, those receiving antidiabetic medications, or those with hypertriglyceridemia will be excluded because of the high sugar content of red grape juice (400 mL contains approximately 280 kcal and 60 g of carbohydrates). The use of illicit drugs and habitual consumption of wine or other alcoholic beverages are also exclusion criteria. In addition, individuals with unstable angina, moderate valvular heart disease, Chagas disease, permanent pacemaker implantation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), aortic aneurysm, or aortic ectasia measuring less than 40 mm will be excluded.