Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Aged 19 years or older. * Patients who are at least one year post-implantation of one of the following Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices (CIEDs): A. Permanent Pacemaker (PPM) B. Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) C. Leadless Pacemaker * Patients who underwent the implantation procedure on or after January 2022. * Voluntary informed consent provided by the patient or their legal representative for the review of medical records and study-related data throughout the entire study period. Exclusion Criteria: * Patients with lead-based CIEDs whose leads do not cross the tricuspid annulus or those with two or more leads crossing the annulus. * Patients whose baseline degree of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) cannot be assessed due to the absence of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) performed within three months of the procedure. * Patients with a history of ventricular lead extraction. * Patients who have undergone tricuspid valve replacement surgery. * Individuals who refuse active medical treatment.