Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * aged 45-75 years * No colonoscopy within the past 3 years Exclusion Criteria: * Patients scheduled for therapeutic colonoscopy, postoperative surveillance after colorectal surgery, or treatment of histologically confirmed polyps * Patients with highly suspected or pathologically confirmed colorectal cancer * Patients presenting with alarm symptoms or signs (hematochezia, melena, unexplained anemia or weight loss, palpable abdominal mass, or a positive digital rectal examination) * Pregnant or breastfeeding women * Patients with gastrointestinal obstruction * Patients with inflammatory bowel disease, familial adenomatous polyposis, or serrated polyposis syndrome * Patients who have taken anticoagulants (e.g., aspirin, warfarin) within 7 days before colonoscopy or who have coagulation disorders * Failed cecal intubation due to any cause other than excessive feces preventing intubation (e.g., obstructive lesions preventing scope passage, or patient intolerance to the procedure). * Use of non-guideline-recommended bowel preparation agents * Patients undergoing emergency colonoscopy