Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Adult patients aged ≥ 18 years with septic shock. 2. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) \<65 mmHg. 3. Need fluid resuscitation. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Patient \<18 years. 2. Refusal of patient or relative to participate in the study. 3. Other types of shock. 4. Morbid obesity. 5. Valvular heart disease including severe aortic and mitral stenosis) and (severe aortic and mitral regurgitation). 7.Patients with heart failure with preserved or reduced Ejection fraction. 8.Burn patients. 9.End stage renal disease with regular hemodialysis patient. 11.Patients with massive pleural effusion. 12. patients with septic cardiomyopathy. 13.patients with massive ascites. 14. patient on high positive end expiratory pressure or with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). 15. Patients with right ventricular failure \& pulmonary hypertension. 16. Patients with pneumonia and interstitial lung diseases. 17. Ventilated patients. 18. Poor echo window patients.