Clinical Research Directory

The active intervention consists of high-definition transcranial alternating current stimulation (HD-tACS) delivered using a 4×1 ring configuration (one center electrode surrounded by four return electrodes) over the personalized left or right temporal lobe. The return electrodes deliver one-quarter of the central electrode current with opposite polarity. Stimulation is administered for 90 seconds per condition, with the frequency and current intensity set according to the experimental protocol. A 10-second ramp-up and a 5-second ramp-down period are included in each stimulation condition. The stimulus waveform is sinusoidal. Stimulation is delivered using saline-soaked sponge electrodes. Electrode impedance is maintained below 10 kΩ throughout the stimulation session.

The sham intervention consists of high-definition transcranial alternating current stimulation (HD-tACS) delivered using a 4×1 ring configuration (one center electrode surrounded by four return electrodes) over the personalized left or right temporal lobe. The return electrodes deliver one-quarter of the central electrode current with opposite polarity. To mimic the sensory experience of active stimulation, the sham condition includes a 10-second ramp-up and a 5-second ramp-down period at 0.4 mA and 140 Hz, with no current delivered during the intervening 90-second period.