Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Aged 45 to 80 years. 2. Knee osteoarthritis classified as Ahlbäck stage I or II, or Kellgren-Lawrence grade \<3. 3. A Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain score ≤3. 4. A Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain subscale score \>2 or a total WOMAC score \>12. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Pregnant or breastfeeding women. 2. Individuals with a history of knee joint trauma or surgery. 3. A body mass index (BMI) ≥ 40 kg/m². 4. Individuals with a psychiatric disorder. 5. Individuals with severe cardiovascular disease, severe cerebrovascular disease, severe rheumatic disease, crystal deposition arthropathy, or cancer. 6. Individuals who use a wheelchair and have a Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) grade ≤3 in the lower extremities, or who require a wheelchair due to physical discomfort. 7. Use of anti-inflammatory analgesics, corticosteroids, or other medications that may affect the study outcomes within one week before the trial. 8. Receipt of intra-articular corticosteroid injections, hyaluronic acid injections, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy, or nerve block treatment within one month before the trial. 9. Use of medications or consumption of foods that, in the judgment of a physician or dietitian, may affect the outcome measures. 10. Any other condition considered by the physician to make the individual unsuitable for participation in the trial.