Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Aged ≥ 18 years; * American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification I-III; * Body mass index (BMI): 18 kg/m² ≤ BMI ≤ 30 kg/m²; * Patients scheduled to undergo laparoscopic hepatectomy under general anesthesia with estimated operation duration ≤ 5 hours; * Agree to participate in this trial and voluntarily sign the informed consent form. Exclusion Criteria: * Patients with a history of severe cardiopulmonary disease, neuropsychiatric disorders, digestive system diseases, chronic dizziness or vestibular dysfunction; * Patients undergoing emergency surgery or trauma patients; * Intraoperative conversion to open laparotomy; * History of abdominal surgery within the past 3 months; * Patients undergoing liver transplantation or with metastasis to other organs; * Patients requiring synchronous resection of organs other than the gallbladder, extrahepatic bile ducts and intestines due to intraoperative clinical needs; * Severe renal dysfunction (estimated glomerular filtration rate \<30 mL/min/1.73 m²); * Laboratory findings or clinical evaluation indicating hypothyroidism or hypokalemia graded ≥ Grade 3 per CTCAE v6.0; * Subjects who experienced nausea, retching or vomiting within 24 hours before anesthesia induction (excluding those caused by bowel preparation); * Patients expected to require postoperative mechanical ventilation via endotracheal intubation or naso/orogastric tube placement for more than 24 hours; * Known allergy or contraindication to opioids and other anesthetics, antiemetics that may be administered during the trial. * Use of drugs with analgesic, antiemetic or anti-inflammatory effects with unknown half-life within 14 days prior to randomization; or the interval between the last administration and randomization is shorter than 5 half-lives or the duration of drug effect (whichever is longer). Such drugs include, but are not limited to, opioid analgesics, non-opioid analgesics, antiemetics (or drugs with antiemetic properties), sedative-hypnotics, sedative anesthetics, glucocorticoids and other drugs with analgesic or antiemetic effects. * Subjects with any other factors deemed by the investigator(s) to render them unsuitable for participation in this clinical study.