Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Being admitted for their first planned coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery; * Undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) surgery without the use of a cardiopulmonary bypass machine; * Not undergoing any additional surgical procedure during CABG surgery; * Having no abnormalities in preoperative laboratory parameters, including hemoglobin, albumin, and electrolytes; * Having no cognitive impairment; * Having no psychological or mental disorder; * Being able to speak Turkish and communicate effectively; * Being at least literate; * Being 18 years of age or older; * Being reachable by telephone during the follow-up period; and * Providing informed consent to participate in the study. Exclusion Criteria: * Having previously undergone CABG surgery; * Undergoing CABG surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass with the heart arrested; * Undergoing any additional surgical procedure during CABG surgery; * Having electrolyte abnormalities in preoperative laboratory parameters; * Having cognitive impairment; * Having a psychological or mental disorder; * Being unable to speak Turkish, communicate effectively, or provide consent to participate in the study; * Being unable to read and write; * Being younger than 18 years of age; * Being unreachable by telephone during the follow-up period; * Withdrawing from the study after initially agreeing to participate; * Undergoing any surgical operation after hospital admission; or * Dying during the study intervention or follow-up period.