Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * People with SMI (the operational definition of SMI is inability to walk 4 meters in less than 10 seconds, or self-, proxy-, or medical record reported inability to walk across a small room, or dependence on a walking aid during walking for more than 6 months (Pahor et al., 2014)); * At least 6 months post-injury and in stable status; * Persistent chronic pain (more than 3 months) with a reported Numerical Pain Rating Scale ≥ 4 (Villiger et al., 2017); * Had no changes in their pain medication regimen in the past month; * Able to communicate in Cantonese and to provide informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * Have severe cognitive impairment (a score \< 6 on the Abbreviated Mental Test (Chu et al., 1995)); * Had a history of moderate to severe brain injury; * Have neurological disorders which affect brain function (i.e., stroke, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, epilepsy) that may confound EEG measures; * Have a severe psychiatric disorder (schizophrenia or major depression); * Have an upper limb condition influencing the use of VR (e.g., arthritis or upper limb amputation).