Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * \- Age 18 years or older * Known diabetes mellitus or newly diagnosed diabetes presenting with DKA * Fulfilling accepted clinical and biochemical diagnostic criteria for diabetic ketoacidosis * Written informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * \- Active infection or sepsis judged likely to substantially influence leukocyte count independently of DKA * Hematological malignancy or disorder affecting leukocyte count * Recent chemotherapy, G-CSF, or other treatment markedly altering leukocyte count * Pregnancy * Concurrent acute inflammatory or autoimmune disease likely to affect inflammatory indices * Systemic corticosteroid use before presentation when clinically significant * Incomplete clinical or laboratory data preventing LGI calculation or DKA severity assessment * Refusal to participate