Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. age ≥18 years; 2. diagnosis of PAD, defined by an ankle-brachial index (ABI) ≤0.90, arterial stenosis \>70% documented by angiography, or previous lower-extremity revascularization; 3. ability to safely perform walking exercise at home; 4. ability to use the activity-monitoring device and read the number of daily steps displayed on the device; 5. access to and ability to use a mobile phone for telephone counseling; 6. ability to complete the activity journal; 7. provision of written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: 1. chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI); 2. locomotor disability preventing participation in the walking exercise program; 3. significant visual or hearing impairment interfering with participation in the in-tervention; 4. moderate-to-severe cognitive impairment, defined as a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score \<17 \[17\]; 5. requirement for long-term oxygen therapy; 6. incomplete medical records; 7. inability to provide reliable information required for study assessments.