Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Systemically healthy adults aged 18-70 years. * Presence of at least one short (≤6 mm) and/or standard (\>8 mm) dental implant in function for at least 2 years. * Patients presenting to the Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Inonu University, for routine dental examination. * For the peri-implant health group: absence of clinical signs of inflammation (redness, edema, or suppuration), absence of bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD) ≤5 mm, full-mouth BOP \<10%, no radiographic evidence of pathological peri-implant bone loss, and no clinical implant mobility. * For the peri-implant mucositis group: presence of clinical signs of inflammation (redness and/or edema) without suppuration, presence of bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD) ≤5 mm, full-mouth BOP \>10%, no radiographic evidence of pathological peri-implant bone loss, and no clinical implant mobility. Exclusion Criteria: * Age younger than 18 years or older than 70 years. * Presence of any systemic disease. * Immune system disorders or use of immunosuppressive medications. * Requirement for antibiotic prophylaxis before dental procedures. * Bisphosphonate therapy for osteoporosis. * Pregnancy or lactation. * Smoking. * Alcohol consumption. * Antibiotic treatment within the previous 6 months. * Continuous use of systemic medications.