Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Aged 18-45 years，Male. * Engages in exercise at least 3 times per week, with a preference for including resistance training at least once per week * Exercises for no less than 30 minutes per session, reaching an intensity characterized by shortness of breath, sweating, or a heart rate of approximately 130 beats per minute (bpm) or higher. * Self-perceived ability to tolerate fatigue and exhaustion resulting from high-intensity exercise. Exclusion Criteria: * Lactose intolerance or allergy to dairy products. * Habitual smoking or current smoker. * Diagnosed medical conditions: Physician-diagnosed cardiovascular disease, hypertension, metabolic disease, asthma, or renal (kidney) disease. * Body Mass Index (BMI)：27≥ kg/m². * Recent musculoskeletal/neuromuscular injury: Musculoskeletal or neuromuscular injury within the past 6 months that prevents normal participation in exercise.