Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Healthy adults aged 18 to 55 years. 2. Body mass index between 18.5 and 29.9 kg/m². 3. Non-smoker. 4. No known cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic, neurological, or musculoskeletal conditions that would contraindicate maximal exercise testing. 5. Able to provide written informed consent. 6. Willing and able to complete one Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test and two Incremental Step Test sessions. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Age younger than 18 years or older than 55 years. 2. Body mass index below 18.5 kg/m² or above 29.9 kg/m². 3. Current smoker or use of nicotine products. 4. Known cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic, neurological, or musculoskeletal conditions that may affect exercise performance or make maximal exercise testing unsafe. 5. Any contraindication to maximal exercise testing according to established exercise testing guidelines. 6. Use of medications known to significantly affect cardiovascular, respiratory, or metabolic responses to exercise. 7. Current injury, illness, or infection that may limit participation in exercise testing. 8. Pregnancy. 9. Inability to provide informed consent. 10. Inability to complete study procedures or attend all required study visits. \-