Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * • Adults aged 18 years or older, of either sex. * Patients able to maintain an acceptable standard of oral hygiene and comply with study instructions. * Healed edentulous ridges scheduled for delayed implant placement at least six months after tooth extraction. * Straightforward implant sites with sufficient alveolar bone height and width for conventional implant placement. * Systemically healthy patients without a medical condition expected to interfere with surgery, wound healing, or osseointegration. * The implant location was required to be devoid of previous bone augmentation operations. * Absence of behavioral or psychological conditions that could compromise treatment cooperation or follow-up attendance. * Loss of one or more teeth requiring implant-supported rehabilitation. Exclusion Criteria: * • Uncontrolled systemic disease or any condition that could impair normal healing or prevent safe surgical treatment, including uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. * Current pregnancy. * Active periodontal, periapical, or other infection or inflammation at the planned implant site. * Severe ridge deficiency requiring complex reconstruction rather than the standardized study procedure. * Metabolic bone disorders, including severe osteoporosis or osteogenesis imperfecta. * Parafunctional habits such as bruxism or clenching. * Limited mouth opening that could restrict clinical measurements or surgical access. * Anatomical limitations that prevented safe implant placement without additional modification, including close proximity to major nerves or the maxillary sinus. * Inability or unwillingness to attend the scheduled follow-up visits. * Individuals who adhere to social customs such as smoking, chewing tobacco, or consuming alcohol