Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Age ≥18 years. * Both sexes. * Patients requiring invasive controlled mechanical ventilation in the ICU and expected to require mechanical ventilation for at least 72 hours. * Enrollment within the first 8 hours after initiation of invasive mechanical ventilation. * Acceptance and written informed consent from a first-degree relative. Exclusion Criteria: * Predominant spontaneous breathing or weaning modes during the first 48 hours. * Severe hemodynamic instability precluding standardized measurements. * Prolonged mechanical ventilation prior to ICU admission. * Pregnancy. * Chest trauma.