Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Children \<18 years old. * Both sexes. * Single calyceal renal stone of 10-20 mm in maximum diameter, single renal pelvic stone of 10-20 in maximum diameter with history of failed, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) or refused ESWL, single renal stone 20-30 mm in maximum diameter and multiple renal stones with total stone size 10-30 mm (sum of maximum dimensions of each stone). Exclusion Criteria: * Patients with uncorrected coagulopathy. * Renal or ureteral malformation. * Cases with significant anatomical obstruction requiring separate intervention or associated metabolic disorder.