Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Participants aged 18 years or older * Systemically healthy participants * Mandibular premolar teeth diagnosed with pulp necrosis and chronic apical periodontitis * Teeth undergoing single-visit root canal treatment Exclusion Criteria: * Use of any analgesic medication within 24 hours before root canal treatment or use of corticosteroid medications * Use of antibiotics within 1 week before root canal treatment * Pregnancy or breastfeeding * Presence of any systemic disease, including conditions requiring antibiotic prophylaxis * Presence of mental or psychiatric disorders * Presence of swelling or pain on palpation before treatment * Presence of root resorption in the study tooth * Presence of generalized periodontitis * Presence of a periodontal pocket depth greater than 3 mm in the study tooth * Teeth with root fracture, ankylosis, or pathological mobility * Presence of a cystic lesion, defined as a lesion surrounded by a well-defined radiopaque border and causing displacement of adjacent teeth * Teeth with radiographically very narrow or wide root canals * Participants who did not attend the follow-up visit at least 6 months after root canal treatment