Clinical Research Directory

Comparing Instructor-led Versus Blended Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training Among Nursing Students

Sponsor: Applied Science Private University

Summary

Objectives of the Study The current study aimed to investigate how individual and team personality traits, academic motivation, and academic procrastination predict CPR training outcomes at individual and team levels, and to what extent these associations vary across different CPR training modalities (instructor-led versus blended). Material and methods Design This study employed an experimental, posttest-only control group design. Subjects The target population comprised undergraduate nursing students enrolled in the BSN program. The inclusion criteria were determined as follows: (1) third- and fourth-year students, (2) they had already completed foundational coursework. On the other hand, the exclusion criteria were: (1) students enrolled in the program through bridging tracks, and (2) students who had completed the comprehensive clinical course. Potential participants were randomly selected from eligible nursing students listed in academic records, screened for inclusion criteria, and invited via email. A total of 133 nursing students were enrolled and randomly assigned to one of two study groups. They were then divided into groups of 6 using block randomization to balance group sizes. Because the interventions differed in content and delivery, blinding of students and instructors was not possible. The required sample size was calculated through an independent samples t-test aimed at detecting a moderate effect size (Cohen's d = 0.5) between the two training groups, with a statistical power of 0.80 and a significance level of 0.05. Based on that, a minimum of 63 students per group was required to ensure adequate power to detect statistically significant differences in the measured outcomes. Randomization Participants were selected using a random sampling technique following the acquisition of a complete list of eligible nursing students from official academic records. Based on the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, a filtered list of potential participants was generated. From this list, students were randomly selected and invited to participate through a recruitment link sent to their email addresses. Those who filled out the link were screened again for eligibility, and then the researchers contacted those who met the criteria to notify them of their enrollment. Recruited participants were then assigned to one of the two study groups, ensuring an unbiased and systematic approach to participant recruitment (Figure 1). Randomization utilized stratified randomization (to ensure that the distribution of both nursing schools is similar across treatment groups) and block randomization (to ensure that the number of participants assigned to each treatment group remains roughly equal throughout the trial). Due to the varying educational materials and delivery methods, it was not possible to blind or conceal the allocation to either students or instructors. Interventions All CPR training sessions were conducted over nine weeks (May - July 2025) at the Life Support Center at the private university, which is accredited by the American Heart Association (AHA) and equipped with high-fidelity manikins and advanced audiovisual technology. Following participant selection, students were randomly assigned to one of two intervention groups, each receiving a different CPR training modality. Both training methods were based on the most recent guidelines from the AHA and delivered by certified instructors to ensure consistency and quality of instruction (American Heart Association \[AHA\], 2020). Each participant received an official invitation via email, which included a cover letter, details of the training schedule, course materials, and an informed consent form. To reduce potential external influences, both groups received their respective training at the same time. Upon completion of the training, participants were immediately asked to complete the postest self-reported questionnaires through Google Forms, with all items set as mandatory. Students were instructed to complete the surveys independently and were assured of the confidentiality and anonymity of their responses. Intervention and Data Collection All CPR training sessions were conducted over nine weeks (May - July 2025) at the Life Support Center at the private university, which is accredited by the American Heart Association (AHA) and equipped with high-fidelity manikins and advanced audiovisual technology, providing a realistic and interactive environment to support hands-on, experiential learning under standardized conditions. Following participant selection, students were randomly assigned to one of two intervention groups, each receiving a different CPR training modality. Both training methods were based on the most recent AHA guidelines and delivered by certified instructors to ensure consistency and quality of instruction. participants were assessed at day of the course and after 3 months.

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