Clinical Research Directory

A 10-minute PNF intervention was applied to the affected upper extremity in the supine position. Rhythmic initiation was followed by half- and full-pattern techniques. Biceps brachii inhibition and triceps brachii facilitation were performed mainly using an extension-abduction-internal rotation pattern with elbow extension. Repeated stretch and slow opposing movements were used for triceps facilitation. Pectoral inhibition in a flexion-abduction-external rotation pattern was added when required.

A 10-minute Bobath concept intervention was applied primarily in the supine and hook-lying positions. The intervention included latissimus dorsi elongation, scapular depression, supine arm elevation, elbow control, functional elbow control, midline approximation when tolerated, and bilateral elbow flexion-extension with the hands clasped. Light resistance, repeated contractions, or active-assistive movements were used according to muscle strength and active range of motion.

A 10-minute VR-based upper-extremity intervention was performed in a seated position with back support. Following orientation and device-use training, participants played a beginner-level Fruit Ninja game continuously for 10 minutes. The game was selected because its movements resembled PNF diagonals and were compatible with Bobath concept upper-extremity facilitation.