Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria Participants must meet all of the following common criteria (Items 1-3) and meet either the population definition in Item 4 or Item 5: Aged ≥20 years and \<70 years on the date of signing the informed consent form. No restriction on sex. The overall multicenter recruitment plan aims to maintain an approximately 1:1 male-to-female ratio. Able to use smartphone-based applications, including a WeChat mini-program or mobile application, and willing to participate in up to 3 years of follow-up and digital health management. Written informed consent must be provided by the participant or his/her legal guardian. Prediabetes group: Participants must not meet diagnostic criteria for diabetes and must meet at least one of the following criteria for prediabetes: Impaired fasting glucose (IFG): 6.1 mmol/L ≤ fasting plasma glucose (FPG) \<7.0 mmol/L; Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT): 7.8 mmol/L ≤ 2-hour plasma glucose (2h-PG) \<11.1 mmol/L during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT); Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c): 5.7% ≤ HbA1c \<6.5%. Normal glucose metabolism group: FPG \<6.1 mmol/L, 2-hour plasma glucose \<7.8 mmol/L during a 75-g OGTT, and HbA1c \<5.7%, with no previous diagnosis of diabetes or prediabetes. Exclusion Criteria Participants meeting any of the following criteria will be excluded: Previous diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, type 1 diabetes, or other specific types of diabetes, including gestational diabetes mellitus or pancreatogenic diabetes. Clinically significant severe cardiac, hepatic, or renal dysfunction, or an advanced major medical condition, including: estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) \<45 mL/min/1.73 m²; acute myocardial infarction within 6 months before baseline; unstable angina; congestive heart failure, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III-IV; severe arrhythmia; stroke, including cerebral infarction or intracerebral hemorrhage, within 6 months before baseline. Active malignancy currently being treated with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or immunotherapy; acute or chronic infection or autoimmune disease that may compromise the safety of follow-up; psychiatric disorders, including severe depression, schizophrenia, or bipolar disorder; or severe cognitive impairment or impaired consciousness that may affect adherence to study questionnaires or the reliability of follow-up data. Pregnant or breastfeeding women, or women planning pregnancy within the next 24 months. Current participation in another interventional clinical trial, or participation in another drug or medical device clinical trial within 3 months before baseline; or participants considered by the investigator to be at high risk of withdrawal or loss to follow-up for non-medical reasons, such as frequent changes in permanent residence.