Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Age ≥18 years. * Diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis based on clinical evaluation and lumbar magnetic resonance imaging findings. * Presence of low back and/or leg pain or symptoms of neurogenic claudication. * Sufficient cognitive ability to understand and complete the study questionnaires. Exclusion Criteria: * Presence of diabetic neuropathy, polyneuropathy, peripheral nerve entrapment neuropathy, or other causes of neuropathic pain. * Acute symptomatic lumbar disc herniation considered to be the primary cause of radicular symptoms. * Active malignancy or a history of spinal metastasis. * History of major lumbar spine surgery, such as lumbar fusion. * Severe psychiatric disorder or cognitive impairment that prevents reliable completion of the study questionnaires.