Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Group 1 (Newly Diagnosed MM): * Age 18 years or older * Newly diagnosed multiple myeloma according to WHO 2022 criteria * Pretreatment at time of sample collection Group 2 (Relapsed/Refractory MM): * Age 18 years or older * Confirmed multiple myeloma with documented relapse or refractory disease after at least one prior line of therapy Group 3 (Controls): * Age 18 years or older * Healthy volunteers with normal CBC and renal function * Age and sex matched to patient groups Exclusion Criteria: * \- Other active malignancies or autoimmune diseases * Severe renal impairment (serum creatinine \> 3.0 mg/dL) * Active infection or inflammatory disease at sampling * Pregnancy or lactation