Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * The study included patients aged 18 and older who were able to communicate, speak and understand Turkish, were literate, were scheduled to undergo planned radial angiography, and agreed to participate in the study. Exclusion Criteria: * Patients with epilepsy, cognitive/sensory impairment, claustrophobia, and loss of consciousness, as well as those experiencing acute/emergency myocardial infarction and those who declined to participate, were not included in the study. Additionally, patients for whom femoral or other arterial access routes were preferred were excluded from the study due to differences in post-procedure follow-up, care, and potential complication management. Discontinuation criteria: -Patients who developed ventricular fibrillation (VF), cardiac arrest, coronary artery perforation, allergic reaction to the contrast agent, or aortic dissection during the coronary angiography procedure, as well as those who voluntarily wished to withdraw from the research during the data collection process, were excluded from the study.