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Effects of Incentive Spirometry Versus Diaphragmatic Breathing on Oxygen Saturation and Heart-rate Variability in Post Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Patients
Sponsor: Foundation University Islamabad
Summary
This study is a two-arm randomized parallel group trial designed to compare the effects of Incentive spirometry vs diaphragmatic breathing on oxygen saturation and Heart-rate variability in hemodynamically stable post-PCI patients. Participants will be randomly allocated to either the incentive spirometry group or the diaphragmatic breathing group and will receive the allocated intervention for 2 consecutive days with three supervised sessions per day in addition to routine post-PCI care. Oxygen saturation will be assessed using a pulse oximeter and heart-rate variability will be assessed using a Polar H10 sensor at baseline and after the intervention. The study will determine whether there is a difference between two interventions in the prescribed outcome measures.
Key Details
Gender
All
Age Range
44 Years - 75 Years
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Enrollment
36
Start Date
2026-02-11
Completion Date
2026-12-15
Last Updated
2026-10-09
Healthy Volunteers
No
Interventions
Incentive Spirometry
Experimental: Incentive Spirometry Group A Participants will perform incentive spirometry under physiotherapist supervision in addition to routine post-percutaneous coronary intervention care. They will sit comfortably, seal their lips around the mouthpiece, inhale slowly and deeply to raise the indicator to the prescribed target, briefly sustain inspiration, and return to normal breathing. Vital signs and oxygen saturation will be monitored before and after each session. Post-PCI Day 0: 3 sessions/day, approximately 15 minutes/session, 10 repetitions/session. Post-PCI Day 1: 3 sessions/day, approximately 20 minutes/session, 15 repetitions/session.
Diaphragmatic Breathing
Active Comparator: Diaphragmatic Breathing Group B Participants will perform diaphragmatic breathing under physiotherapist supervision in addition to routine post-percutaneous coronary intervention care. They will be positioned comfortably with the upper chest relaxed and instructed to inhale slowly through the nose while allowing the abdomen to rise, followed by slow, controlled exhalation through pursed lips while allowing the abdomen to fall. Vital signs and oxygen saturation will be monitored before and after each session. Post-PCI Day 0: 3 supervised sessions/day, approximately 15 minutes/session, 10 repetitions/session. Post-PCI Day 1: 3 supervised sessions/day, approximately 20 minutes/session, 15 repetitions/session. Vital signs and oxygen saturation will be assessed \*\*before and after each session\*\*, and the participant will be monitored throughout the intervention for tolerance and any advers
Locations (1)
Foundation University Islamabad
Rawalpindi, Pakistan