Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients aged ≥18 years. * Diagnosed with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and receiving maintenance hemodialysis. * Undergoing hemodialysis three times per week. Receiving maintenance hemodialysis for at least 3 months before enrollment. * Able to communicate verbally and understand Arabic. * Conscious, alert, and able to understand the study procedures and provide written informed consent. * Able to safely use a VR headset and tolerate the VRGI intervention. * Agree to participate in the study and comply with the study procedures . Exclusion Criteria: * Patients with cognitive impairment or altered mental status that may interfere with understanding the intervention or completing the assessment. * Patients with severe visual or auditory impairment that prevents effective use of the VR intervention. * Patients with a history of severe motion sickness, vestibular disorders, or significant intolerance to VR. * Patients who are hemodynamically unstable during the dialysis session. * Patients experiencing an acute medical complication requiring interruption or modification of the dialysis session. * Patients who have participated in a similar VR intervention recently, if this could influence the study outcomes. * Patients who are unable to complete the intervention or outcome assessments.