Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Women who underwent elective cesarean birth * Women with a single healthy newborn * Women who did not have a negative response to massage or touch interventions * Women with intact skin and tissue integrity in the back area where the massage was applied Exclusion Criteria: * Women with communication problems * Women who underwent cesarean birth under general anesthesia * Women diagnosed during pregnancy or birth with complications such as oligohydramnios, preeclampsia, heart disease, diabetes, or placenta previa * Women who developed postpartum complications such as hemorrhage or hypertension * Women whose newborn required admission to the neonatal intensive care unit * Women who received additional analgesic or narcotic medication other than the routine postoperative analgesic treatment