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The Impact of AI-Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment on Physicians' Potential Legal Liability: An Expert Perspective
Sponsor: Xie Xiaoyun
Summary
The goal of this randomized vignette-based experiment is to investigate how AI-related contextual factors influence expert assessment of physician negligence in AI-assisted diagnosis and treatment scenarios among experts in medical malpractice assessment. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does physician acceptance or rejection of AI recommendations, compared with non-AI use, influence the likelihood of being assessed as negligent? Researchers will compare a no-AI assistance control group with four AI-assistance groups under different AI use conditions to examine how AI involvement and contextual factors affect assessments of physician negligence. Participants will: Complete a web-based questionnaire after eligibility confirmation. Evaluate a series of clinical vignettes describing adverse patient outcomes following physician decision-making under different AI-use conditions.
Key Details
Gender
All
Age Range
18 Years - Any
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Enrollment
440
Start Date
2026-09-30
Completion Date
2027-08-20
Last Updated
2026-10-09
Healthy Volunteers
Yes
Interventions
General AI With a Standard-of-Care Recommendation
Participants will evaluate four clinical vignettes involving a general AI system whose historical performance is comparable to that of a township hospital attending physician. The AI provides a recommendation consistent with the standard of care. Physician capability and acceptance or rejection of the AI recommendation vary across the vignettes.
General AI With a Non-Standard-of-Care Recommendation
Participants will evaluate four clinical vignettes involving a general AI system whose historical performance is comparable to that of a township hospital attending physician. The AI provides a recommendation inconsistent with the standard of care. Physician capability and acceptance or rejection of the AI recommendation vary across the vignettes.
Expert AI With a Standard-of-Care Recommendation
Participants will evaluate four clinical vignettes involving an expert AI system whose historical performance is comparable to that of a tertiary hospital chief physician. The AI provides a recommendation consistent with the standard of care. Physician capability and acceptance or rejection of the AI recommendation vary across the vignettes.
Expert AI With a Non-Standard-of-Care Recommendation
Participants will evaluate four clinical vignettes involving an expert AI system whose historical performance is comparable to that of a tertiary hospital chief physician. The AI provides a recommendation inconsistent with the standard of care. Physician capability and acceptance or rejection of the AI recommendation vary across the vignettes.