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NCT07876180

Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training and Exercise Snacking on Glycemic Control and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Sponsor: University of Nis

View on ClinicalTrials.gov

Summary

This randomized controlled trial investigates whether two time-efficient forms of high-intensity exercise, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and exercise snacking, improve glycemic control, cardiorespiratory fitness and other cardiometabolic risk factors in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Over 12 weeks, participants were allocated to HIIT, exercise snacking, or a non-exercise control group. The study addresses two questions: whether each exercise modality improves these outcomes relative to no exercise, and whether accumulating vigorous exercise in brief bouts throughout the day produces adaptations comparable to those of conventional interval training performed in a single session.

Official title: Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training and Exercise Snacking on Glycemic Control and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a Randomized Controlled Trial

Key Details

Gender

All

Age Range

18 Years - 65 Years

Study Type

INTERVENTIONAL

Enrollment

Start Date

2026-01-20

Completion Date

2026-08-27

Last Updated

2026-10-15

Healthy Volunteers

Conditions

Typ 2 Diabetes

Interventions

BEHAVIORAL

Exercise

Exercise Snacking - interval cycling performed as three short sessions per training day, each completed before a main meal (breakfast, lunch and dinner). Each session comprised six 1-minute intervals at 90-95% of age-predicted maximal heart rate with 1-minute recovery, preceded by a 5-minute warm-up and followed by a 3-minute cool-down (approximately 20 minutes per session). Performed under supervision on a cycle ergometer, two days per week for 12 weeks. HIIT - interval cycling performed as a single 35-minute session per training day in the afternoon or early evening. Each session comprised four 4-minute intervals at 90% of age-predicted maximal heart rate with 3-minute active recovery at 70% of maximal heart rate, preceded by a 5-minute warm-up and followed by a 2-minute cool-down. Performed under supervision on a cycle ergometer, two days per week for 12 weeks

Inclusion Criteria: * Adults aged 18-65 years * Diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus for at least 6 months, based on standard criteria (fasting plasma glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L \[≥126 mg/dL\] and/or HbA1c ≥6.5% \[≥48 mmol/mol\]) * Physically inactive according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ): \<150 min/week of moderate-intensity or \<75 min/week of vigorous-intensity physical activity, or \<600 MET-min/week * Treated with oral glucose-lowering medication, or with insulin for at least 3 months before enrollment * Stable pharmacological treatment with no recent changes in the therapeutic regimen * No musculoskeletal injuries or contraindications to high-intensity exercise * No chronic conditions that are inadequately controlled by standard medical therapy or that could be aggravated by high-intensity exercise * No episodes of severe hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia requiring hospitalization within the previous 3 months Exclusion Criteria: * Physically active according to IPAQ criteria (vigorous-intensity activity on ≥3 days/week achieving at least 600-1500 MET-min/week, or ≥5 days/week of any combination of walking, moderate- or vigorous-intensity activity achieving at least 600-3000 MET-min/week) * Diagnosed nephropathy, liver disease or neuropathy * Cardiovascular disease, including absolute contraindications to exercise such as unstable angina, recent myocardial infarction or uncontrolled symptomatic heart failure * Uncontrolled hypertension (systolic blood pressure \>160 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure \>90 mmHg) * History of respiratory disease, including pulmonary hypertension or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease * Moderate to severe somatic or autonomic neuropathy, retinopathy, or other musculoskeletal or neurological impairments that contraindicate high-intensity exercise * Electrocardiographic abnormalities judged clinically significant by a specialist physician * Acute illness with recovery lasting longer than 3 weeks, or recovery from acute illness completed within the 3 weeks preceding the intervention Medical advice to avoid high-intensity or any physical activity due to potential worsening of an existing condition

Locations (1)

Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš

Niš, Serbia, Serbia