Clinical Research Directory

Characterization of Autoreactive b Lymphocytes in Autoimmune Diseases and Immune Deficiencies

Autoimmune diseases (AID), whether systemic or organ-specific, affect approximately one in ten people, and their prevalence continues to increase. Many AIDs are linked to the emergence of autoreactive B cells (BCs) directed against components of the self. In healthy individuals, these autoreactive B cells are counter-selected or regulated before reaching the antibody-secreting cell compartment. However, in predisposed individuals, a breakdown in B cell tolerance can occur, leading to the formation of autoantibodies with devastating consequences, such as the emergence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, and vasculitis. B-cell depletion is often beneficial in these patients, but paradoxically, therapies targeting B cells are not always effective. Furthermore, B cell depletion via LB-specific antibodies (anti-CD20) or treatment with CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR T) leads to complete and prolonged depression of the entire B compartment without targeting the LB population responsible for the onset of the disease. To date, two pitfalls in studies of human autoreactive LBs often complicate the interpretation of results: i) the difficulty of identifying autoreactive LBs among all LBs, ii) demonstrating the pathogenicity of autoreactive B lymphocytes when they can be identified individually. We propose to quantify and phenotype these autoreactive/pathogenic B cells using high-throughput flow cytometry in several clinical situations.

(68)Ga-FAPI PET/CT in Patients With ANCA-associated Vasculitis

Pulmonary and renal involvement are the most common clinical manifestations of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody(ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). Studies have shown that both interstitial lung disease (ILD) and renal dysfunction are closely associated with poor prognosis in patients with AAV. Therefore, early identification of whether AAV patients have concomitant ILD and renal involvement is of great clinical importance for assessing disease severity, stratifying prognostic risk, and developing individualized treatment strategies. Positron emission tomography (PET) is a noninvasive molecular imaging technique that can provide decision-making support for early and accurate diagnosis, timely intervention, as well as evaluation of treatment response and prognosis. In the same individual, PET enables whole-body localization of disease in a single examination, overcoming the limitation of conventional diagnostic methods that typically assess only one region at a time, thereby facilitating patient benefit. In recent years, many novel PET tracers have been developed and introduced into clinical practice. 68Ga-Fibroblast Activation Protein Inhibitor (FAPI) has been studied in the diagnosis of various malignant and nonmalignant diseases; it targets fibroblast activation protein (FAP) and thus reflects the distribution of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). However, its clinical significance in AAV remains to be further investigated. This study aims to use a CAF-targeted novel PET tracer to conveniently and noninvasively detect the real-time distribution of lesions in patients, providing valuable information for personalized diagnosis and treatment.

The BCMA/CD19 Dual Targeted CAR-T Cell in Participants With Autoimmune Kidney Diseases

This study is a single-center, open-label, dose-escalation exploratory clinical trial, expected to enroll 6 to 12 participants. It will use a BOIN (Bayesian Optimal Interval) design for dose escalation, with four predetermined dose groups (0.3×10\^6 cells/kg, 1.0×10\^6 cells/kg, 3.0×10\^6 cells/kg, and an alternative dose of 0.1×10\^6 cells/kg). Each dose group plans to enroll 1-2 or 3-6 participants with relapsed or refractory autoimmune-mediated kidney diseases (such as lupus nephritis, ANCA-associated vasculitis, membranous nephropathy, and IgG4-related diseases).

BCMA-CD19 CAR-T Therapy for Refractory Autoimmune Diseases

The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of BCMA/CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.

Avacostar - (PASS)

The Avacostar PASS is a non-interventional, multi-national, prospective cohort study that will collect data from 2 cohorts of patients: those treated with avacopan for active severe AAV, and a second cohort treated with a cyclophosphamide or rituximab-based induction regimen without avacopan for active severe AAV. The overall study duration is anticipated to be up to 7 years, including a recruitment period of approximately 3 years.

Biocollection of Patients With ANCA Associated Vasculitis

As rare disease, vasculitis affects a small number of patients, the cohorts available in the literature are few and the pathophysiological mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The collection of standardized data within a patientheque as part of a multi-year follow-up will facilitate the study of the characteristics of these diseases. This may, in particular, address the main objective of identifying predictors of relapse, as well as secondary objectives for predictive factors of mortality, infectious, cardiovascular or neoplastic complications that affect the prognosis of vasculitis in order to establish a more appropriate management of the patients concerned.

Efficacy and Safety for Telitacicept in the Remission Maintenance Treatment of ANCA-associated Vasculitis (TTCAZAREM)

This study is a prospective, open-labelled, randomized, controlled, single-center clinical trial. The aim of this study is to compare the remission rate of patients treated with Telitacicept combined with azathioprine and azathioprine alone in remission-maintenance treatment of AAV.