Clinical Research Directory

Integrative Liver-Targeted Therapy for Diabetic Macular Edema: Combining Tauroursodeoxycholate and Traditional Chinese Medicine.

Diabetic macular edema is seen in the later stages of diabetic retinopathy with current conventional therapies targeting local vascular dysfunction. These therapies provide transient improvement in vision and are often uncomfortable to persons with diabetic macular edema and financially burdensome. Diabetic macular edema, a complication of diabetes cannot be managed without addressing systemic inflammation. Liver metabolism and functions are implicated in diabetes and evidence suggests that hepatic metabolic dysfunctions are linked to the neuroinflammation and vascular dysfunctions observed in diabetic retinopathy. Nutraceutical supplements like Tauroursodeoxycholate (a bile acid) and modified Qi Ju Di Huang Wan (a traditional Chinese medicine formula) have been found to reduce hepatic and retinal oxidative stress, provide anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and hepatoprotective effects. This study will provide a non-invasive multi-targeted strategy for the management of diabetic macular edema.

Biomarkers in Diabetic Retinopathy Treated With Faricimab vs Biosimilar Ranibizumab

The goal of this clinical trial is to see if treatment with faricimab or biosimilar ranibizumab leads to different early imaging changes in adults with diabetic retinopathy requiring anti-VEGF treatment and to identify OCT and OCTA biomarkers predictive of differential early treatment response between the two therapies. The main questions it aims to answer are: Which OCT and OCT angiography biomarkers predict early treatment response? How do imaging biomarkers change after three loading doses of treatment? Are imaging biomarkers associated with systemic laboratory parameters? Researchers will compare faricimab to biosimilar ranibizumab to see if there are differences in imaging biomarkers and early treatment response. Participants will: * be randomized in a 1:1 ratio using a computer-generated randomization sequence * undergo comprehensive ophthalmic examinations, including visual acuity and intraocular pressure measurement * undergo OCT and OCT angiography imaging at each visit * receive three intravitreal injections during the loading phase * attend follow-up visits from baseline to 4-5 weeks after the third injection * provide blood samples for systemic laboratory analysis

A Study of Avoralstat In Participants With Diabetic Macular Edema

The goal of this study is to assess the safety and therapeutic potential of a single dose of avoralstat in adult participants with DME.

Efficacy Evaluation Study of BAT5906 and Lucentis® in Patients With Diabetic Macular Edema

A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, active-controlled non-inferiority trial. A total of 406 subjects with diabetic macular edema (DME) were planned for enrollment. After screening, eligible subjects were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to the treatment group or the control group. The treatment group received BAT5906 injection, while the control group received Lucentis®. During the trial, ophthalmic examinations and safety assessments were conducted according to the protocol for efficacy and safety evaluation. Blood samples were collected for immunogenicity assessment. The primary endpoint was the mean change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in the study eye from baseline to week 52 (measured using the ETDRS chart).

Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Chloroprocaine HCl Ophthalmic Gel 3% vs Proparacaine Ophthalmic Solution 0.5% Plus Subconjunctival Lidocaine in Patients Undergoing Intravitreal Injections

This Phase 4, multicenter, randomized, double-masked clinical study evaluates the efficacy and safety of chloroprocaine hydrochloride ophthalmic gel 3% (IHEEZO) compared with routine anesthesia (topical proparacaine 0.5% combined with subconjunctival lidocaine 2%) for ocular surface anesthesia during intravitreal injection procedures. Adult participants scheduled to undergo unilateral intravitreal injection of an FDA-approved anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agent for retinal conditions will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either IHEEZO with a sham subconjunctival procedure or routine anesthesia. The primary objective is to determine whether IHEEZO is non-inferior to routine anesthesia in achieving successful ocular surface anesthesia, defined as a participant-reported pain score of 0 or 1 (on a 0-5 ordinal pain scale) immediately before and immediately after intravitreal injection. Secondary outcomes include individual and cumulative pain scores, change from baseline in dry eye symptoms measured by the Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) questionnaire, and ocular safety assessments through Day 7 follow-up.

CAPRI: A Phase 3 Randomized, Double-Masked Study Comparing the Efficacy of EYP-1901 Against Aflibercept in DME

This is a phase 3 randomized, double -masked study comparing the efficacy of EYP-1901 against Aflibercept.

COMO: A Phase 3 Randomized, Double-Masked Study Comparing the Efficacy of EYP-1901 Against Aflibercept in DME

This is a phase 3 randomized, double -masked study comparing the efficacy of EYP-1901 against Aflibercept.

A 2-part Study Consisting of a Multiple Ascending Dose Safety Study in Participants With Macular Edema Following Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion and a Dose-finding Safety and Preliminary Efficacy Study in Participants With Either Diabetic Macular Edema or Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration

EYE-TIE-201 is a 2-part study to investigate the safety and effectiveness of a new drug being developed called EYE201. All participants in the study will receive a total of 3 injections of EYE201 into the study eye, spaced at 4 weeks apart. In the first part, termed the multiple ascending dose (MAD) portion of study, the safety of EYE201 will be assessed at increasing doses in branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) participants. Approximately 12 participants will be entered in this part of the study. In the second part of the study, called the dose finding part, 2 doses of EYE201 will be selected and their effectiveness will be compared. This portion of the study assesses the safety and preliminary efficacy of EYE201 in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) or neovascular macular degeneration (NVAMD). Approximately 80 participants will be entered in this part of the study.

A Study to Learn More About the Use of Aflibercept in Routine Medical Practice in Japanese Participants With Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration and Diabetic Macular Edema

This is an observational study in which data already collected from participants with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) or diabetic macular edema (DME) is studied. In observational studies, only observations are made without participants receiving any advice or any changes to healthcare. The eye disorders, nAMD and DME, affect the macula, the central part of the retina at the back of the eye. This leads to blurry vision or blind spots, making everyday activities like reading or sewing difficult. While nAMD is linked to aging, DME is related to diabetes. Both conditions require similar treatment to help improve vision. Aflibercept 8 milligrams (mg) is already approved in Japan for doctors to prescribe to people with nAMD or DME. It is a drug injected into the eye. It works by blocking a protein called vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which causes abnormal growth and leakage of blood vessels at the back of the eye. The participants in this study are already receiving treatment with aflibercept 8 mg as part of their regular care from their doctors. There is limited data available on the use of aflibercept 8 mg in Japan. Data from routine medical practice will inform treatment in Japanese and other Asian populations. The main purpose of this study is to learn more about the disease and patient characteristics of Japanese participants with nAMD and/or DME who receive aflibercept 8 mg during their routine healthcare, and how they use it. To learn this, the study will use 2 methods: Method 1: Researchers will study the health details of participants when they first started aflibercept 8 mg. Method 2: Researchers will study the participants' data collected over 1 year to see how they used aflibercept 8 mg. The data will come from a claims database called DeSC Healthcare Inc. The data will be collected from April 2023 to March 2025 for Method 1, and from April 2023 to March 2026 for Method 2. Researchers will only look at the information from participants in Japan. In this study, only available data from routine care are collected. No visits or tests are required as part of this study.

Safety and Efficacy Evaluation of LX111 Gene Therapy in DME Patients

The goal of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of LX111 treatment of DME. This study will enroll participants aged ≥ 18 vears old to receive a single unilateral intravitreal (lVT) injection of LX111 to evaluate its safety and efficacy.

Study of CU06-1004 in Patients With Daibetic Macular Edema

This phase 2b trial is a randomized, double-masked, parallel-group, multi-center study in approximately 156 patients with DME to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CU06-1004 orally administered once daily for 24 weeks. The study will have a 1:1:1 randomization (CU06-1004 200mg: CU06-1004 300mg: Placebo).

Efficacy Comparison of DExamethasone Intravitreal Implant Combined With Aflibercept Versus Aflibercept Monotherapy in Treatment-naïve Inflammatory Diabetic Macular Edema Patients

This is a 12-month, prospective, randomized controlled, multi-center, open-label, superiority designed study. Treatment-Naïve DME patient with inflammatory biomarkers, who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria, will be recruited. This study aims to provide the first direct comparative evidence within a Chinese cohort, evaluating the efficacy and safety of a combined DEX-I plus aflibercept therapy versus aflibercept monotherapy for DME. The investigation will focus on functional visual outcomes, anatomical improvements, and the respective safety profiles associated with each treatment regimen. Furthermore, the study will incorporate specific optical coherence tomography (OCT) biomarkers to refine patient selection, with the goal of enhancing the precision of identifying candidates for combination therapy. It is hypothesized that the combination therapy, by concurrently targeting both VEGF-mediated and inflammatory pathways, may yield superior clinical outcomes compared to monotherapy.

Comparison of Bevacizumab and Aflibercept in Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema

Diabetic macular edema is a frequent complication of long-standing diabetes mellitus in which fluid leaks into the central part of the retina (macula), leading to reduced vision. This randomized controlled trial will be conducted at Combined Military Hospital, Multan, to compare two commonly used intravitreal anti vascular endothelial growth factor medicines, aflibercept and bevacizumab, in adults aged 30 to 60 years with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus for at least 5 years, central macular thickness of at least 300 micrometers on optical coherence tomography, and reduced baseline visual acuity (20/50 or worse). Eligible participants will be allocated in a 1:1 ratio to receive either intravitreal aflibercept 2.0 mg or intravitreal bevacizumab 1.25 mg, administered monthly for two months, with follow-up assessments at 1 and 2 months. The primary hypothesis is that aflibercept produces a greater average improvement in visual acuity than bevacizumab in this patient group. The primary outcome is the mean change in visual acuity measured as Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letter score from baseline to 2 months. The secondary outcome is the mean change in central retinal thickness on optical coherence tomography.

A Study of 2 Doses of EYE103 Compared With Ranibizumab (0.5 mg) in Participants With DME

EYE-RES-103 is a randomized, double masked pivotal study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 2 dose levels of EYE103 in comparison with the active control, ranibizumab, in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME). In the first year, all 3 treatment groups will be treated every 4 weeks with either EYE103 or ranibizumab. Beginning at Year 2, the frequency of treatment for participants will shift based on a personalized treatment interval algorithm. Approximately 960 participants will be entered in the study.

Comparing Single Versus Multiple Anti-VEGF Injections in Diabetic Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery

Objective of this randomised controlled trial is to compare the efficacy of a single per operative anti VEGF injection with repeated postoperative anti VEGF injections in the prevention of diabetic retinopathy progression after cataract surgery. This Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) will be conducted at Sahiwal Teaching Hospital and University College of Medicine \& Dentistry Lahore. Duration of study will be from January 2026 to September 2026. This study will be single blind and parallel group research. The study will include diabetic patients of both sexes ≥ 40 years of age presenting with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and cataract. Exclusion criteria include proliferative diabetic retinopathy, center-involving diabetic macular oedema (DME), poor glycemic control (HbA1c \>9%), glaucoma, uveitis, prior ocular surgery or laser, and recent systemic thromboembolic events. Subjects will be randomly divided into two groups, each containing 83 subjects. Standard phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation will be performed in all participants. A single intra vitreal Aflibercept injection ( 2mg/0.05 ml ), will be given to group 1 participants. While, group 2 participants will receive an intra operative injection plus two additional injections at 1 month and 2 months postoperatively. For all participants, follow up will be performed at 1 week, 1 month, 2 month, 3 month and 6 month. Primary Outcome include progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) severity (≥1 stage according to the guidelines of the international clinical diabetic retinopathy disease severity scale ICDR) or onset/progression of DME. Secondary Outcomes include changes in best corrected visual acuity, changes in central macular thickness (CMT), and need for rescue treatment. SPSS version 26 will be utilised to analyse the data. P ≤ 0.05 will be taken as statistically significant. Qualitative variable like diabetic retinopathy grading and diabetic macular oedema status will be analysed by utilising Pearson's chi-square test. Quantitative variables like central macular thickness will be analysed by employing t-test.

Study to Assess the Efficacy & Safety of KHK4951 in Patients With Diabetic Macular Edema

The purpose of this study is to evaluate efficacy and safety of KHK4951 eye drops in patients with DME.

A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of 2 Doses of EYE103 Compared With Ranibizumab (0.5 mg) in Participants With DME

EYE-RES-102 is a randomized, double masked pivotal study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 2 dose levels of EYE103 in comparison with the active control, ranibizumab, in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) In the first year, all 3 treatment groups will be treated every 4 weeks with either EYE103 or ranibizumab. Beginning at Year 2, the frequency of treatment for participants will shift based on a personalized treatment interval algorithm. Approximately 960 participants will be entered in the study.

High Dose Aflibercept in Diabetic Macular Edema in Patients With Previous Vitrectomy

Patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) sometimes must undergo vitrectomy surgery (PPV) for diabetic and non-diabetic related issues. Patients may have improved DME with anti-VEGF therapy and ranibizumab has been found to reduce central macular thickness (CMT) with anti-VEGF therapy following vitrectomy. Those patients still require intravitreal injections but the pharmacokinetics of a vitrectomized eye are different than those eyes that have not undergone vitrectomy. The clearance of protein molecules is quicker in vitrectomized eyes so these patients may be more refractory to standard of care anti-VEGF therapy. In rabbit models, the half-life of both bevacizumab and ranibizumab were reduced by a factor 1.8 and 1.3, respectively, after pars plana vitrectomy. In a study examining intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide in human eyes, the half-life was found to be 18.6 days in non-vitrectomized eyes and 3.2 days in vitrectomized eyes, but there was considerable intrasubject variation. Patients with various disease states, including neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) have been managed with monthly anti-VEGF therapy successfully after vitrectomy surgery. Another study performed by the DRCR net showed that patients with DME treated with anti-VEGF are not affected in the long term if they had had a previous vitrectomy. High dose aflibercept may improve anatomic and visual outcomes in this patient population. Also, high dose aflibercept may allow for longer treatment intervals in these vitrectomized eyes.

Impact of Intravitreal Faricimab on Renal Function in Diabetic Patients

This study aims to investigate the impact of intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti VEGF) Faricimab on renal function of diabetic patients. Faricimab is a new anti-VEGF drug which inhibits both VEGF-A and Ang-2 and it is used for the treatment of diabetic macular edema and neovascular age related macular degeneration. It is known that previous anti-VEGF agents has systematic absorption and may cause deterioration in renal function of the patients. However, the effect of Faricimab on kidney function has not been investigated yet. Taking into account that Ang-2 has destructive effect on kidneys, the investigation of the effect of its inhibition in diabetic patients who have already renal function deterioration may provide a valuable information in scientific community.

Investigating the Metabolic and Lipidomic Profiles That Are Associated With Varying Grades of Diabetic Maculopathy and Retinopathy in South Wales

Diabetes mellitus is a disorder of sugar and fat metabolism which results in damage to the small blood vessels in various organs, this includes the retina - the part of the eye that processes light into a nerve impulse. This leads to damage and blindness via various different mechanisms that are not fully understood. In this study the objective is to recruit people with diabetes and various stages of diabetic eye disease and measure a large number of different chemicals within the blood that might be associated with damage and dysfunction within the retina. Additionally, it will examine the different bacteria within the gut that might affect disease in the eye via chemicals circulating in the blood. This will require participants to have blood samples taken and to provide urine samples. The blood will be analysed with specialised instruments to identify specific molecules circulating within the blood. Participants will also need to allow researchers to look at their medical records, previous photographs and specialist scans of the back of the eye to grade their diabetic retinopathy. This will allow us to identify potential ways in which these could be targeted for future benefit for people with diabetes to hopefully prevent deterioration of their vision.

Effectiveness of Intravitreal Injection of Aflibercept 8 mg in Resistant Diabetic Macular Edema, Retinal Vein Occlusion and Myopic Choroidal Neovascularisation Patients

Generally, DM is caused by insufficient insulin secretion in the body; however, the other biological mechanisms remain unclear. Long-term illness in patients with DM damages various organs in the body, such as the eyes, kidneys, and heart, seriously affecting organ function. Nowadays, the quality of life of people has improved significantly, eating habits have changed, sugar intake is increasing, and the number of patients with DM is increasing. Statistics show that in 2017, the number of patients with DM worldwide reached 425 million (aged 20-79 years), which will exceed 600 million in 30 years; moreover, patients in low- and middle-income countries, such as China and India, account for 80 percent of the total DM population (1). According to the WHO, patients with DM worldwide increased to 366 million in 2011, which is expected to increase to 500 million in 2025, with more than 150 million patients experiencing ocular complications, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) (2, 3). DR is a form of ocular microangiopathy and the most serious DM-related complication; it seriously endangers the health of patients with DM (4). DR pathogenesis includes increased endothelial cells in the eye capillaries, increased intimal thickness, damaged pericytes, microangioma, and damaged blood-retina barrier due to increased permeability of the blood vessels, microvascular obstruction, and neovascularization (NV) (5, 6). Currently, the prevalence of DR is 34.6% worldwide; however, it is higher in some developed countries, reaching 40.3% (7). The proportion of patients with type 1 and 2 DM suffering from blindness due to DR is 3.6% and 1.6%, respectively (8). DR is associated with significantly reduced living standards, huge medical costs, and increased social burden (9, 10). Many anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs exist; however, the use of therapeutic drugs is strictly controlled. The main drugs recommended for treating DM-related visual complications are ranibizumab and aflibercept.

Early Combined Use of Dexamethasone Intravitreal Implant and Anti-VEGF in the Treatment of DME.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if the efficacy of dexamethasone implant combined with anti-VEGF superior to anti-VEGF monotherapy in the treatment of DME in Chinese patients. The main questions it aims to answer are: 1. Whether combination therapy improves the best corrected visual acuity at 6 months and 12 months? 2. Does combination therapy improve retinal anatomy better than monotherapy at each time point? Researchers will compare the combination therapy to the monotherapy to see if dexamethasone implant combined with anti-VEGF will leads to better results. Participants will: 1. be randomly assigned to one of two groups with equal probability to receive the combination of intravitreal anti-VEGF and dexamethasone implant injections or intravitreal anti-VEGF injections. 2. During the first 3 months, patients in both groups will receive monthly injections of anti-VEGF. In the double protocol group, the first dexamethasone implant injection will be administered simultaneously with the first loading dose of anti-VEGF injections. Between 4 and 12 months, patients will receive intravitreal anti-VEGF injections as needed/pro-re-nata (PRN). 3. Patients will have regular follow-up. Routine examination includes Central retinal thickness (CRT), intraocular pressure (IOP), slit lamp examination, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and OCT.

A Phase 2 Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of ENN0403 in Subjects with DME

This is a multicenter, randomized, parallel study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of two doses of ENN0403 in subjects with diabetic macular edema (DME). Approximately 60 subjects will be randomized to receive ENN0403 capsule orally once a day at the low dose or high dose with a 1:1 ratio. The study period consisted of up to 2 weeks of screening, 12 weeks of treatment and 2 weeks of follow-up, and the entire trial period was up to 16 weeks.

Study of JMKX003948 Ophthalmic Suspension in Healthy Participants

The study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1 study of JMKX003948 Ophthalmic Suspension to evaluate the safety, tolerability and PK of single and multiple ascending doses in healthy participants. Participant will be randomized to receive either JMKX003948 Ophthalmic Suspension (1%, 2%, 3% or 5%) or matching placebo (JMKX003948 Ophthalmic Suspension: placebo= 6: 2, N=8 per cohort). Five cohorts (Cohort 1-5) are planned. Cohorts could also de-escalate to a lower concentration if current formulation was not tolerated (Cohort 1b, 2b and 3b). In case of de-escalation, Cohort 1b and 2b will continue to escalate to Cohort 1c and Cohort 2c, respectively. Participants will be admitted to the site on Day -1 after screening (up to 28 days), and remain domiciled until Day 14 for Cohort 1-4, Day 8 for other cohorts.