Clinical Research Directory

One Health Determinants of Rectal Colonization by ESBL-Producing Enterobacterales in the Community

This multicenter cross-sectional observational study aims to determine the prevalence of rectal colonization by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales among community-dwelling adults in Argentina and to identify biological, clinical, sociocultural, occupational, and environmental factors associated with colonization. Participants will be recruited from sentinel healthcare centers and will undergo collection of rectal swabs, fecal samples, urine samples, and standardized epidemiological questionnaires. The study is based on a One Health framework and will evaluate potential determinants of antimicrobial resistance, including previous healthcare exposure, antibiotic use, animal contact, occupational exposures, environmental conditions, water access, dietary habits, and pesticide exposure. Biological samples will be stored in an institutional biobank for future molecular, microbiome, resistome, and toxicological analyses. Findings are expected to improve understanding of community-associated antimicrobial resistance and support the development of preventive public health strategies.

Enteral Nutrition and Colonization Resistance Through Microbiota Modulation in Critically Ill Patients

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn whether enteral nutrition enriched with fiber can influence gut microbiota and improve resistance to colonization with multidrug-resistant bacteria in critically ill patients. The study will also evaluate the safety and clinical outcomes associated with fiber-enriched enteral nutrition. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Does fiber-enriched enteral nutrition reduce the acquisition of colonization with multidrug-resistant bacteria during intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization? * Does fiber-enriched enteral nutrition modify the composition and diversity of the intestinal microbiota? * Are there differences in clinical outcomes, including adverse events, between patients receiving fiber-enriched and non-fiber enteral nutrition? Researchers will compare patients receiving fiber-enriched enteral nutrition with patients receiving standard enteral nutrition without added fiber to determine whether fiber supplementation influences gut microbiota and colonization resistance. Participants will: * Receive enteral nutrition through a feeding tube according to their clinical needs. * Receive either a fiber-enriched enteral nutrition formula or a standard enteral nutrition formula. * Have stool samples collected during ICU hospitalization for analysis of intestinal microbiota and detection of multidrug-resistant bacteria. * Be monitored for clinical outcomes, infections, antibiotic exposure, and adverse events during their ICU stay and follow-up period.

Autologous Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Anal Function Recovery After Ileostomy Reversal in Rectal Cancer

This prospective, single-center, single-arm, open-label clinical study aims to evaluate whether autologous fecal microbiota transplantation can improve bowel and anal function after ileostomy reversal in patients with rectal cancer who underwent radical rectal cancer surgery with protective loop ileostomy. Eligible patients will receive autologous fecal microbiota transplantation before ileostomy reversal. The primary outcome is the Low Anterior Resection Syndrome score at 3 months after ileostomy reversal. Secondary outcomes include fecal incontinence score, colonoscopic findings before ileostomy reversal, gut microbiota profiles, inflammatory markers, anorectal manometry, pelvic floor electromyography, and safety outcomes.