Clinical Research Directory

Surgery vs. Watch-and-Wait Strategy in Partial & Complete Responders for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

The "Surgery versus Maintenance after Conversion-therapy-achieved Complete/Partial Response in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (SWITCH)" study is a multicenter, open-label, prospective non-randomized cohort study with the protocol number SWITCH-01 (Version 0.1, dated October 5, 2025). Sponsored by West China Hospital of Sichuan University and led by Principal Investigator Wu Hong, the study involves 10 participating centers and has completed NCT registration. Its core objective is to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of two management strategies-surgical resection and maintenance therapy-in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who have achieved complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) after conversion therapy and are deemed eligible for curative liver resection (R0) by a multidisciplinary team (MDT). The study is designed to address the clinical dilemma of optimal management for initially unresectable HCC patients who attain favorable responses to conversion therapy, providing high-level evidence for clinical decision-making.

Proton Radiotherapy Plus Tremelimumab/Durvalumab for BCLC Stage B and C HCC

Tremelimumab plus durvalumab (STRIDE regimen) is an approved first-line therapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), yet it shows limited efficacy with an ORR of only 20.1%. Proton radiotherapy (RT), known for its precision and tissue-sparing advantages, has demonstrated improved survival outcomes and reduced toxicity compared to X-ray RT. Retrospective data suggest that combining proton RT with immune checkpoint inhibitors yields a promising ORR of 61.5%. Preclinical studies further support enhanced antitumor immunity when RT is combined with PD-L1 and CTLA-4 blockade. This phase II, single-arm clinical trial aims to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and immunologic effects of combining proton RT with tremelimumab and durvalumab in patients with unresectable HCC.

Photon Radiotherapy Plus Tremelimumab/Durvalumab for BCLC Stage B and C HCC

Tremelimumab plus durvalumab (the STRIDE regimen) is an approved first-line therapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, it demonstrates limited efficacy, with an objective response rate (ORR) of only 20.1%. Radiation therapy (RT) is highly effective in controlling localized solid tumors and has become an integral component of the treatment algorithm for unresectable HCC. Preclinical studies have shown that combining RT with PD-L1/PD-1 blockade promotes immunogenic cell death and enhances antigen presentation by dendritic cells, thereby boosting systemic T cell-mediated antitumor responses in mouse models. The addition of CTLA-4 inhibition further enhances antigen cross-priming following RT. Recent retrospective data also indicate that combining RT with immune-oncology agents is associated with improved overall survival and prolonged time to progression compared to RT or immunotherapy alone. However, the clinical benefit and immunologic impact of combining RT with tremelimumab and durvalumab have not yet been evaluated in prospective clinical trials for unresectable HCC. This phase II, single-arm clinical trial aims to assess the safety, efficacy, and immunologic effects of combining proton RT with tremelimumab and durvalumab in patients with unresectable HCC.

Downstaging Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma to Resectable Disease With Combined Immunotherapy and Stereotactic Beamed Radiotherapy: a Pilot Study

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the commonest cancers worldwide and ranks the third on the incidence of cancer-related death. There are more than 500000 new cases diagnosed annually worldwide. The incidence and prevalence of HCC are on rising trend with the majority of the disease burden is in Asia where viral hepatitis B is endemic. Surgical resection, radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and liver transplantation (LT) represent the only chance of cure for HCC patients. Despite more aggressive surgical approach has been adopted in most Asian countries, yet curative intervention remains only amendable in 30% of patients. Most patients are diagnosed with intermediate or advanced stage diseases; the long-term cure rate is only 0-10%. Hence, every effort has been made in an attempt to convert inoperable HCC into operable disease (i.e. downstaging) in order to improve the chance of survival of these patients. The current study, to current knowledge, will be the first study in the field to deploy a novel treatment strategy to deploy both immunotherapy and stereotactic beamed radiotherapy to induce tumor shrinkage rendering it become operable cancer.

Treatment Selection by 3D Bioprinting Liver Model to Prevent Liver Cancer Recurrence

This study is a feasibility study about a test on adjuvant therapy for patients in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with a higher risk of tumour recurrence after liver resection or ablation. By collecting individual patient's liver and tumour tissue during surgical operation, 3D bioprinting technology will be adopted to construct patient-specific biomimetic liver models -'Liver-in-Cube', to test and identify the most effective adjuvant therapy for individual patients, thereby personalising treatment and improving treatment outcomes, and hence reducing the recurrence rate of HCC. This is a phase II, non-randomised, open-label, single-centre, prospective feasibility study designed to evaluate the use of biomimetic 3D bioprinting technology in guiding the selection of adjuvant treatment regimens to prevent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence after curative liver resection. The study will be conducted at Queen Mary Hospital as a 5 years project. A total of 20 HCC patients who are going to receive liver resection or ablation with a higher risk of tumour recurrence will be recruited. Patients will be identified from clinic and asked if willing to participate in the study. Consent will be signed before operation. Biological samples such as tissue and blood samples will be collected during operation for Liver-in-Cube construction. Patients will receive standard post operative care upon discharge, follow-up in clinic regularly as usual, and be referred to collaborated oncologists for adjuvant therapy. A 1-month post operative scan will also be arranged as standard procedure to confirm the post operative disease status. Result from Liver-in-Cube will be treated as an additional information about adjuvant therapy in preventing HCC recurrence. Patients will discuss with oncologists and decide if to adopt adjuvant therapy or not for HCC recurrence prevention. During the follow-up period, blood samples will also be collected for laboratory analysis outside the routine blood assessment.

Epalrestat Combined With HAIC, Donafenib and Tislelizumab as First-line Treatment for Patients With Unresectable HCC and Diabetes

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the comprehensive therapeutic efficacy and safety profile of the epalrestat combined with hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy (HAIC), donafenib and tislelizumab quadruple regimen in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and diabetes.

Effectiveness of Enhanced Web-Based Health Education on Self-Care Practices and Quality of Life Among Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma Undergoing TACE

This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of enhanced web-based health education on self-care practices and quality of life among patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. A total of 252 participants undergoing transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) will be randomly assigned to an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group will receive routine health education combined with enhanced web-based health education, while the control group will receive routine health education and printed educational materials. Knowledge, self-care practices, and quality of life will be assessed at baseline, 1 month, and 3 months after TACE. The study will determine whether enhanced web-based health education can improve self-care practices and quality of life in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing TACE.

Iparomlimab and Tuvonralimab With Lenvatinib, Radiotherapy, and HAIC for Hepatocellular Carcinoma With Portal Vein Tumor Thrombus

The purpose of this study is to learn how well a combination of iparomlimab and tuvonralimab (QL1706), lenvatinib, radiotherapy, and hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) works and how safe it is for people with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that has grown into the portal vein, forming a portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT). Participants will receive iparomlimab and tuvonralimab together with lenvatinib, radiotherapy directed at the portal vein tumor thrombus, and HAIC, which delivers chemotherapy directly through the hepatic artery. Researchers will evaluate how long the cancer remains controlled without getting worse, how much the tumors shrink, how long participants survive, and whether the treatment makes surgery possible for some participants. Treatment-related side effects will also be assessed. The study will also explore whether features in tumor tissue and blood are associated with treatment response and may help identify patients who are more likely to benefit from this treatment strategy.

Defining the Ablative Dose for Y-90 TARE

This study is being done to help doctors improve how they treat liver tumors that cannot be removed by surgery or treated with standard ablation techniques. The researchers want to find out the best amount of radiation that needs to be delivered to completely destroy (or ablate) parts of the liver that have cancer.

Effect of Laparoscopic Hepatectomy Combined With Splenectomy on Hepatic Functional Reserve and Immune Function

Splenectomy may relieve hypersplenism, reverse liver fibrosis, improve hepatic functional reserve, and reshape the systemic antitumor immune milieu by removing the source of negative immunomodulation. This prospective cohort study aims to enroll patients undergoing laparoscopic hepatectomy combined with splenectomy for small hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC） with a preoperative platelet count \<80×10\^9/L. The study will evaluate the dynamic changes in hepatic functional reserve, immune function, and risk of HCC recurrence through five post-surgical time points（3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after surgery）. The endpoints include hepatic functional reserve（ICG-R15, Child-Pugh score, ALBI score, etc.）, immune function indicators（peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets: CD4\^+ T cells, CD8\^+ T cells, regulatory T cells, NK cells, etc., and serum cytokine profiles）, and HCC recurrence rate within 2 years after surgery（confirmed by imaging）. This trial will provide evidence to optimize surgical strategies for patients with small HCC complicated with hypersplenism.

Real-world Insight Into Systemic Therapies for HCC: Single-center Study

Real-world data from a single-center experience evaluating patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) receiving systemic therapies

ENPP1/cGAS (EG) and FAP Expression Profiles in Solid Tumors: An Immunohistochemical Study in a Vietnamese Cohort

This Vietnam-based observational study examines ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1/cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (ENPP1/cGAS) protein and stromal fibroblast activation protein (FAP) expression in multiple solid tumor samples using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The study involves no investigational treatments or participant-facing procedures. Tumor samples used in this study consist exclusively of archived formalin-fixed paraffin- embedded (FFPE) tumor samples that were collected as part of routine clinical diagnosis or treatment and for which all required procedures for standard clinical care have been completed. Only archived tumor samples obtained from routine clinical care will be included in this study. No additional biopsy, surgical resection, or specimen collection will be performed for research purposes, and no sample will be diverted prior to completion of clinical requirements. All included archived tumor samples will undergo ENPP1, cGAS, and FAP IHC analysis according to the procedures specified in the Laboratory Manual.

Development and Prospective Validation of a Heterogeneous Treatment Effect-Based Decision Model for Transarterial Chemoembolization Combined With or Without Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC) constitutes a significant health burden in the Asia-Pacific (APAC) region, particularly in China, where it is frequently associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and diagnosed at advanced stages. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) remains the standard treatment for intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), though its effectiveness diminishes in unresectable HCC (uHCC) with intermediate-to-high tumor burden. The IMbrave150 trial established atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (Atezo+Bev) as a superior alternative to sorafenib, demonstrating significant survival advantages in uHCC. Given the marked heterogeneity of intermediate-stage HCC, TACE may not benefit all patients equally. The TALENTACE study investigated on-demand TACE combined with Atezo+Bev versus TACE alone in treatment-naïve uHCC patients with intermediate-to-high tumor burden across China and Japan. Results revealed a statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in the primary endpoint, TACE- progression-free survival (PFS), though overall survival (OS) remained immature at the time of analysis. This situation establishes a critical and unmet need for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) combined with extensive real-world evidence (RWE) to facilitate the assessment of individualized treatment heterogeneity and provide precise treatment recommendations in China and select Asia-Pacific regions.

Iparomlimab/Tuvonralimab Plus SBRT and Lenvatinib for Perioperative Treatment of Potentially Resectable Intermediate-Stage HCC

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Iparomlimab and Tuvonralimab (the combination antibody) combined with SBRT and Lenvatinib in the perioperative treatment of patients with potentially resectable intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma.. The objective is to explore potential survival benefits for this population and provide patients with more effective treatment options.

[68Ga]Ga-PSMA PET/CT in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Impact of Multiparametric Dynamic Whole-body Imaging and Kinetic Modeling.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the use of multiparametric dynamic whole-body \[68Ga\]Ga-PSMA PET/CT imaging in newly diagnosed HCC patients or in HCC patients with recent suspicion of refractory, residual, or recurrent disease.

Shuganhuazhuo Formula for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma With Damp-Heat Syndrome

Primary liver cancer is a malignant tumor with a very poor prognosis. Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) accounts for approximately 80% of cases. Under the current targeted and immunotherapy-based treatment approaches, the overall survival of patients with advanced HCC has improved significantly compared to targeted therapy alone. However, there are still limitations in therapeutic effectiveness. In addition to the tumor burden, liver reserve function is associated with the prognosis of HCC. Cirrhosis, tumor burden, and anti-tumor treatment can all lead to damage to liver reserve function, which in turn leads to a decrease in patient survival. Currently, there are no specific treatments for deteriorating liver reserve function; only symptomatic treatments such as reducing transaminase levels, bilirubin levels, and blood ammonia levels, as well as diuretics, are available. The indocyanine green(ICG) clearance test allows for precise, dynamic, and quantitative measurement of liver clearance function, making it a commonly used method for assessing liver reserve function in clinical practice.Previous studies have confirmed that its test results are closely related to the prognosis of HCC. Shuganhuazhuo Formula(SHF) is a Chinese herbal medicine used to treat advanced HCC with syndrome of Damp-Heat and Blood stasis. It can inhibit necrosis in the livers of mice in experimental models, reduce fibrosis scores, and demonstrate potential therapeutic effects in protecting the liver, reducing oxidative stress, and preventing fibrosis. This study is an open-label randomized controlled trial. Patients with advanced HCC who are receiving second-line or third-line anti-tumor treatment are randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the control group or the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) group. The control group receives anti-tumor treatment as recommended by guidelines, while the TCM group receives additional treatment with SHF. SHF involves decocting traditional Chinese medicine ingredients twice daily. Each time, 150 ml of the decoction is prepared and taken orally half an hour after breakfast and dinner. Treatment lasts for 6 months. During this period, the ICG clearance test is performed every 2 months to assess liver reserve function, and quality of life is also evaluated. After the treatment period, follow-ups on survival and safety are conducted every 3 months. This study aims to evaluate the benefits of the SHF in terms of liver reserve function, overall survival, and quality of life in patients with HCC of the syndrome of Damp-Heat and Blood stasis. It also includes exploratory analyses of differences in biomarker expression during treatment.

Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Combination Therapy With SYS6090 Injection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

This is an open-label, multicenter Phase Ib/II clinical study designed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of combination therapy with SYS6090 Injection in participants with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

A Study of Neoadjuvant Tislelizumab Plus Lenvatinib in Resectable HCC at High Risk of Recurrence

This is a prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled, phase 3 study to explore the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant tislelizumab plus lenvatinib in patients with resectable HCC at high risk of recurrence.

Intelligence System for Predicting Atezolizumab-Bevacizumab Response and Clinical Outcomes in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma

This study is a multicenter retrospective clinical research, led by the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, and jointly conducted by other sub-centers. The aim is to develop an non-invasive artificial intelligence system for predicting the response and clinical outcomes of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC) to the treatment with atezolizumab combined with bevacizumab (T+A). In response to the clinical situation where approximately half of uHCC patients do not respond to the standard T+A therapy and traditional invasive biopsy is unable to fully reflect the heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment, this study plans to retrospectively collect the data of 400 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria from January 2020 to November 2025. The study will systematically summarize multi-dimensional data such as enhanced CT images within one month before treatment, baseline characteristics, serum markers, liver disease factors, and tumor stage. By integrating these clinical features with deep learning imageomics features extracted from images, the research team is dedicated to constructing and validating a safe, non-invasive, and reproducible prediction model, with the aim of achieving precise identification of the benefit population before implementing immunotherapy combined with anti-angiogenic treatment, and providing a powerful intelligent tool support for optimizing clinical treatment decisions and improving patient survival prognosis.

A Phase IIa, Single-arm, Open-label Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety and PK of CVM-1118 in Combination With Sintilimab and TACE in Participants With Incurable/Non-metastatic HCC

This is a single-arm, open-label Phase IIa study designed to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and PK of CVM-1118 in combination with Sintilimab (Tyvyt ®) and TACE in participants with incurable/non-metastatic HCC. Approximately 40 participants will be enrolled, all receiving CVM-1118 (200 mg orally \[PO\], twice daily \[BID\]) in combination with Sintilimab (200 mg via intravenous \[IV\] infusion every 3 weeks \[Q3W\]) and TACE. All participants will initiate treatment with CVM-1118 and Sintilimab on Cycle 1 Day 1 (C1D1), with each cycle lasting 21 days, continuing until the occurrence of unacceptable toxicity, disease progression, death, consent withdrawal, for 2 years (i.e., Cycle 34) or study termination (whichever occurs first). CVM-1118 will be temporarily suspended from 2 days prior to each TACE procedure until 7 days post-TACE. The protocol permits conventional TACE (cTACE) or drug-eluting beads TACE (DEB-TACE) based on investigator's discretion, with the requirement that each participant maintains the same TACE modality throughout the treatment period. The first TACE procedure will be initiated between weeks 2-4 (C1D15 - C2D8) following systemic therapy initiation, with a maximum of 2 TACE treatments per lesion, an interval of ≥1 month between TACE sessions, and no more than 4 TACE treatments in total per participant. The study comprises four periods: screening, treatment, safety follow-up, and survival follow-up. During the screening period, participants will undergo required examinations and evaluations. Eligible participants will enter the treatment period to receive the combination regimen. Tumor response will be assessed per RECIST v1.1 and mRECIST (see Appendix 1), with evaluations conducted every 9 weeks (±1 week) following initial dosing. During the safety follow-up period, all participants will undergo final safety assessments 28 days (+7 days) after investigational product cessation or prior to initiating new antitumor therapy. Subsequently, participants will enter the survival follow-up period with 12-week interval contacts to document disease status, anti-tumor therapies received, survival status, and other relevant clinical information until death, loss to follow-up, consent withdrawal, or study closure (whichever occurs first). Throughout the study, participants will undergo scheduled safety evaluations and PK blood sampling at designated timepoints. Subsequent PK sampling schedules may be adjusted or eliminated based on accumulated pharmacokinetic data from preceding participants. * CVM 1118 will be administered at 200 mg, PO, BID. Treatment continues until unacceptable toxicity, disease progression, death, consent withdrawal, for 2 years (i.e., Cycle 34), or study termination (whichever occurs first). CVM-1118 will be temporarily suspended from 2 days prior to each TACE procedure until 7 days post-TACE. CVM-1118 should be swallowed whole with a glass of water in a fasted state, with no food intake for at least 2 hours before and 1 hour after CVM 1118 administration. CVM 1118 should be administered at approximately the same time each day. Investigators are permitted to adjust the dosing for participants as required by referring to the "Dose Adjustment". * Sintilimab will be administered at 200 mg, IV, Q3W. Treatment continues until unacceptable toxicity, disease progression, death, consent withdrawal, for 2 years (i.e., Cycle 34) or study termination (whichever occurs first). Investigators are permitted to adjust the drug administration regimen for participants as required by referring to the "Dose Adjustment". * TACE modality for each participant, including the choice between cTACE and DEB-TACE, will be determined by investigators at their discretion; however, each participant must remain consistent with the selected TACE modality (cTACE or DEB-TACE) throughout the treatment period. The first TACE procedure will be initiated 2-4 weeks after the start of systemic therapy (C1D15 to C2D8), with a maximum of 2 treatments per lesion (minimum 1-month interval between TACE sessions) and up to 4 treatments per participant in total.

A Study of IMM2510 + IMM27M Combination Therapy in Patients With Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma

This is a Phase 2, open-label, multicenter,study designed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary antitumor activity of IMM2510(Anti-PD-L1 and VEGF trap recombinant - Page 1 of 5 - protein) combine with IMM27M(Anti-CTLA-4 Humanized monoclonal antibody) in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma who not have received the treatment for aHCC in past

SBRT Plus QL1706 as Second-Line Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

This is a prospective, single-arm, single-center exploratory clinical study designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) combined with QL1706 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who have received one prior line of systemic therapy and experienced radiographic disease progression or intolerance. Eligible patients will receive SBRT to all evaluable intrahepatic lesions at a total dose of 25-50 Gy delivered in 5 fractions. Within 7-14 days after completion of SBRT, patients will receive QL1706 at 7.5 mg/kg by intravenous infusion every 3 weeks. Treatment with QL1706 will continue until confirmed disease progression, intolerable toxicity, patient request to withdraw, withdrawal of informed consent, or other protocol-defined treatment discontinuation criteria, whichever occurs first. The primary endpoint is objective response rate assessed by the investigator according to modified RECIST criteria. Secondary endpoints include local control rate of SBRT target lesions, progression-free survival, overall survival, disease control rate, and the incidence of adverse events and serious adverse events. Exploratory endpoints include dynamic changes in serum tumor biomarkers and immune-related indicators, as well as their association with clinical outcomes. A total of 36 patients are planned for enrollment.

Eparlitozoviril as Adjuvant Therapy for Resectable HCC With MVI

Tumor recurrence is the leading cause of death and a major bottleneck for long-term survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, there is an urgent clinical need for effective postoperative adjuvant therapies to reduce postoperative recurrence and improve long-term survival, especially for HCC patients with high-risk factors. However, no standard adjuvant treatment regimen has been established so far, and domestic and international guidelines have not reached a consensus on relevant recommendations. It is generally recognized that postoperative antiviral therapy with nucleoside analogues and interferon yields definite benefits for patients with HBV- or HCV-related HCC, particularly those in Asian populations. Some interventions have been proven ineffective. For instance, the majority of studies have demonstrated that postoperative chemotherapy fails to bring survival benefits and may even lead to worse prognosis in HCC patients. Besides, multiple treatment modalities including transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), radiotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy are still under investigation. MVI has been well documented as a strong high-risk factor for postoperative recurrence of HCC. The presence of MVI indicates the capacity of tumor cells for local invasion and distant metastasis. According to the number and location of microscopic tumor foci observed under pathological microscopy, MVI is classified into three grades: (1) M0: No microscopic tumor foci detected; (2) M1: No more than 5 microscopic foci within 1 cm adjacent to the primary tumor; (3) M2: More than 5 microscopic foci or foci located beyond 1 cm from the primary tumor. A retrospective study from Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University enrolled 661 HCC patients who developed recurrence within 5 years after curative resection, and reported that the rate of MVI positivity was 31.6% among these recurrent cases. Another retrospective study conducted at Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital of Shanghai involving 496 HCC patients showed that patients with MVI had significantly lower recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) compared with those without MVI. A series of studies have been carried out to explore postoperative adjuvant treatments for resectable HCC patients complicated with MVI. A phase III randomized controlled trial conducted by Wei et al. revealed that for patients with single resectable HCC (tumor ≥ 5 cm) combined with MVI, postoperative adjuvant TACE (1 to 2 cycles) achieved a median disease-free survival (DFS) of 17.45 months (95% CI: 11.99-29.14), versus 9.27 months (95% CI: 6.05-13.70) in the active surveillance group (HR=0.70, p=0.020). In addition, Li et al. evaluated the efficacy of postoperative adjuvant FOLFOX-based hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) in resectable HCC patients with MVI. The results demonstrated that adjuvant HAIC could significantly prolong DFS, with a median DFS of 20.3 months versus 10.0 months (p=0.001). Collectively, active postoperative intervention is clinically meaningful for resectable HCC patients with MVI. In recent years, tumor immunotherapy represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors, including antibodies against programmed death-1 (PD-1), programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), has gradually become a key therapeutic strategy for malignancies. Tumor cells can inhibit T cell activity and evade immune surveillance by expressing immune checkpoint ligands. Blockade of these immune checkpoints can enhance the proliferation, survival and cytotoxicity of T cells, thereby exerting anti-tumor effects. Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies have exhibited favorable efficacy in a variety of solid tumors. Given the high postoperative recurrence risk of resectable HCC with MVI and the lack of consensus on standard adjuvant regimens, as well as the proven efficacy of PD-1 monoclonal antibodies and HAIC in this setting in previous randomized controlled trials, we designed a prospective, single-center, open-label, phase II cohort study. This study aims to preliminarily evaluate the efficacy and safety of eparlitozoviril (dual PD-1/CTLA-4 immunotherapy), compared with active surveillance, in resectable HCC patients with MVI. The findings of this study may provide evidence for the optimization of postoperative adjuvant treatment for HCC.

A Multicenter Prospective Study on the Performance of Spectral CT for Evaluating Treatment Response After TACE in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

By comparing the diagnostic accuracy of spectral CT and conventional CT in evaluating treatment response efficacy after TACE, this study aims to investigate the diagnostic performance of spectral CT in assessing treatment response following TACE for hepatocellular carcinoma.