Clinical Research Directory

VA Randomized Trial of Surveillance Intervals After Transurethral Resection of High Grade Bladder Tumors

CSP #2036 is a pragmatic, randomized, intent-to-treat, two-arm, parallel, multicenter CSP trial. Blinding of clinical staff and participants will not be possible. However, outcomes will be adjudicated by assessors blinded to randomization arm to minimize bias. Due to the pragmatic nature of the study, treatment for bladder cancer will be at the discretion of the VA participants' clinicians, and all treatments will be recorded. Veterans with high-grade non-muscle invasive bladder cancer who underwent biopsy or transurethral resection of a bladder tumor (TURBT) in the prior 6 months will be invited to participate. After a normal first cystoscopy after TURBT (also known as "3-month cystoscopy") and additional screening, participants will be randomized 1:1 to a program of low- vs high-intensity surveillance. Stratification by stage (2 groups: Ta only vs. any T1 / any Carcinoma in situ), and site will be done because these may influence other bladder cancer-specific care, such as the threshold of when to biopsy a possible bladder lesion and whether to administer intravesical therapy. Outcomes will be assessed during study visits every three months for 24 months, every six months after that up to 48 months, and at 60 months. Follow-up data collection beyond 60 months will be completed by phone call or participants' health record review. This will be a 10-year study with 6 years dedicated to recruitment and a minimum of 4 years dedicated to follow-up. Thus, estimated average follow-up will be 7 years and maximum follow-up will be 10 years.