Clinical Research Directory

Cognitive Neuroscience of Autism Spectrum Disorders

Background: * Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of developmental disorders that affect communication, social interaction, and behavior. Relatively little is known about the relationship between genetics and behavior among these individuals and their close relatives. Researchers are interested in using interviews and rating scales to better understand these issues, as well as collecting brain scan data and genetic samples for testing and comparison. * By comparing test results and genetic samples from healthy volunteers, people with ASD, and parents (or caregivers or legal guardians) of the first two groups, researchers hope to better understand the neuroscience of ASD. Objectives: * To learn more about the brain in healthy people and in people with autism spectrum disorders. * To study genes that might be involved in autism spectrum disorders by collecting DNA samples from participants. Eligibility: The following groups of participants will be eligible for the study: * Individuals between 5 and 89 years of age who have autism spectrum disorders. * Healthy volunteers between 5 and 89 years of age. * Cognitively impaired children between 5 and 17 years of age. * Parents/caregivers/legal guardians of individuals in the above three groups. Design: * Participants will visit the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center for research tests, which will be administered over multiple visits. Researchers will determine the specific tests to be administered based on the medical history of the study participant. * Researchers will study the brain through interviews, tests of thinking and memory (neuropsychological tests), brain imaging with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and magnetoencephalography (MEG). * The study will also collect blood or saliva to obtain a DNA sample.

Microarray Analysis in Syndromic Obesity

Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) array technology has been used in numerous studies on mental retardation, and few chromosomal abnormalities have been identified in patients. Because chromosomal abnormalities have still been associated with obesity, we can expect that syndromic obesity is also associated with small deletions/duplications. Characterization of deleted or duplicated loci in these obese patients would mean that these loci include genes implicated in obesity. This will permit to propose new gene(s) involved in obesity. (In french: Caractérisation phénotypique et recherche de REManiements chromosomiques chez des patients présentant une OBésité syndromique de cause non identifiée : REMOB)

Magnetoencephalography in Children

This study is a single-center observational clinical study, which evaluates the diagnostic value of magnetoencephalography (MEG) in the diagnosis of neurodevelopmental diseases in children, such as the localization of epileptic foci and brain functional areas, intracranial tumors, cerebrovascular diseases, autism, mental retardation, and neuropsychiatric disorders.

Effects of Different Dual-Task Exercises in Children With Mild Mental Retardation

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of motor-motor and motor-cognitive dual-task exercises applied to children with mild mental retardation on their functional mobility, balance, cognitive function, and quality of life.

The Relationship Between Hand Grip Strength, Trunk Control and Functional Performance in Individuals With Mild Mental Retardation

Scope and Limitations of the Project This project aims to examine the relationship between hand grip strength, trunk control, and functional performance in individuals with mild intellectual disability (MID). Individuals with MID face significant challenges in daily life activities and social interactions due to deficiencies in motor skills. Hand grip strength is considered a fundamental indicator of overall muscle strength and level of independence, while trunk control plays a crucial role in both postural stability and dynamic movement coordination. The project seeks to scientifically evaluate the physical and functional parameters of these individuals and highlight the impact of motor control on daily living activities. The study is limited to individuals aged 12-18, including those with intellectual disabilities attending rehabilitation centers and healthy individuals visiting hospitals. While this limitation allows for a focused examination of the needs of a specific group, it may also restrict the generalizability of the findings to the broader population.

Development and Application of a Diagnosis and Treatment System for Children's Brain Diseases Based on Knowledge Graphs and Large Models

Using the knowledge graph and big model technology of combining Chinese and Western medicine we construct a popularization and prevention system for childhood encephalopathy an assisted decision-making system for childhood encephalopathy and a follow-up tracking question and answer system for childhood encephalopathy patients.

A Study on the Preference of Risperidone Dosage Forms

This study aimed to understand patients' needs and preferences for antipsychotic dosage forms.