Clinical Research Directory

Use of S+Ketamine During Target-Controlled Intravenous Anaesthesia After Abdominal Hysterectomy

The investigators want to investigate the effect of low dose S+ ketamine compared to placebo on cumulative morphine consumption at 24 hours in 90 women undergoing open abdominal hysterectomy with remifentanil-propofol target controlled infusion (TCI) in KK Women's and Children's Hospital. The secondary aims are to investigate the use of low dose S+ ketamine on the incidence of nausea, vomiting, pruritus (opioid side effect), sedation score and psycho mimetic assessment compared to placebo group. The investigators propose to conduct a double blinded, randomized controlled study in women undergoing open abdominal hysterectomy with remifentanil-propofol TCI. (1) Treatment Group: intravenous ketamine 0.5 mg/kg at the beginning and 0.5 mg/kg 20 minutes before extubation. (2) Control Group: intravenous normal saline (as placebo) at the beginning and 20 minutes before extubation.

Effect of Oliceridine Analgesia on Postoperative Nause and Vomiting

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is common after surgery and impede rapid recovery after surgery. Patients who undergo laparoscopic colorectal surgery are more likely to develop PONV due to the pneumoperitoneum, interruption of gastrointestinal system, delay of oral feeding, and nasogastric catheterization, as well as postoperative opioid analgesic requirement to control acute pain. Oliceridine is a novel selective μ-opioid agonist. It stimulates G protein signalling but is markedly less potent than morphine for β-arrestin recruitment; the latter contributes to opioid-related adverse events including PONV. It is postulated that G protein-biased agonists may deliver effective analgesia with fewer opioid-related adverse events. This randomized trial aimed to investigate whether oliceridine for patient-controlled analgesia can decrease the incidence of PONV in patients recovering from laparoscopic colorectal surgery.

Comparison of the Analgesic Effect of Oliceridine Versus Morphine or Sufentanil for Postoperative Analgesia in Lumbar Surgeries: a Randomized Control Trial

Objective: This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of oliceridine versus morphine and sufentanil for postoperative analgesia following elective lumbar spine surgery. Methods: In this randomized, controlled trial, 90 patients scheduled for lumbar spine surgery were allocated in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive postoperative intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCIA) with either oliceridine (Group O，1.5mg oliceridine for loading dose， 0.5mg/kg oliceridine for PICA), morphine (Group M，4mg morphine for loading dose，1.5mg/kg morphine for PICA), or sufentanil (Group S，4ug sufentanil for loading dose，1.5ug/kg sufentanil for PICA). The primary outcome was the movement Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score at 6 hours postoperatively. Secondary outcomes included resting and movement VAS scores, ramsay sation score at 0.5, 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours postoperatively (excluding the motor VAS score at 6 hours postoperatively); number of PCIA demands and rescue analgesic requirements within 48 hours; hemodynamic parameters at 5, 10, 15, 30, and 60 minutes after administration of the initial loading dose. The incidence of adverse events within 48 hours postoperatively, such as nausea and vomiting, somnolence, respiratory depression, or pruritus.

Determining the Optimal Dose of Intrathecal Morphine for Post-Cesarean Analgesia

Using spinal or epidural anesthesia (known as neuraxial blocks) is the gold standard for pain control during childbirth, especially in cesarean sections (C-sections). However, many women experience moderate to severe pain after a C-section, which can affect both their physical and emotional well-being, and even impact their ability to care for their newborn. Unfortunately, this pain is often not treated effectively, which can lead to increased sensitivity to pain or even chronic postoperative pain. One effective way to manage this pain is by giving opioids directly into the spinal fluid (subarachnoid space). This method allows doctors to use much smaller doses than would be needed if the same medication were given through a vein, which also helps avoid many of the common side effects of opioids like respiratory depression, nausea, pruritus, and constipation. Common opioids used in this setting include fentanyl, sufentanil, and morphine. These drugs behave differently depending on their chemical properties. For example, drugs that are more fat-soluble work faster, while those that are less fat-soluble tend to last longer. Morphine, which is less fat-soluble than the others, provides strong and long-lasting pain relief. When injected spinally, its effect can last 18-24 hours, with the pain relief starting 1-2 hours after the injection. Its performance is comparable to that of epidural anesthesia or nerve blocks. Researchers have studied a wide range of spinal morphine doses (from 20 to 500 micrograms) to find the most effective and safest dose. Most of these studies are small or use set doses without clear reasoning. Recently, a method called sequential allocation has become popular for finding the best dose more accurately. About the Study This research aims to find the ideal dose of spinal morphine when it's given with a fixed amount of fentanyl and varying doses of ropivacaine (a local anesthetic) during spinal anesthesia for C-section in healthy full-term parturients. The goal is to find the dose that provides adequate analgesia (pain score under 3 out of 10) for at least 12 hours after surgery. This is a prospective, non-randomized, double-blind study. The study follows ethical standards and all participants sign an informed consent form. Two anesthesiologists are involved in each case: one handles the spinal injection and dose decision (based on the previous patient's response), while the other monitors the patient and collects the data without knowing the dose used. Anesthetic Technique Spinal anesthesia is done using standard procedures. A very fine needle (25 or 27 gauge) is used to inject a mixture of fentanyl (15 mcg), a variable dose of ropivacaine (based on somatometrics), and a variable dose of morphine (based on the algorithm). The mixture is injected slowly (1 ml every 10 seconds), with the needle facing toward the head. After surgery, all women receive additional pain medications like paracetamol and NSAIDs as part of a multimodal pain relief approach. How the Morphine Dose is Decided The dose of morphine changes based on whether the previous participant had effective pain relief. Pain relief is considered successful if the pain score stays at or below 3 (on a 0-10 scale) for at least 12 hours after the spinal injection. For the first woman in the study, the starting dose is chosen based on published research. Then: * If the previous participant had good pain control (NRS ≤3 for 12 hours), the dose for the next woman is reduced by 20 micrograms. * If pain control was poor (NRS \>3 within the first 12 hours), the dose is increased by 40 micrograms. This up-and-down adjustment continues for each new participant.

Side Effects of a Single Shot Intrathecal Morphine in Clinical Practice, a Retrospective Analysis

ITM has the potential to be a powerful tool for multimodal postoperative pain management, understanding, preventing and managing its side effects is crucial for upturn of patient safety and comfort. This retrospective audit will therefore be focused on the most reported side effects in daily clinical practice in patients having received ITM. The results of this study may lead to new insights into the clinically relevant risk-benefit balance of ITM and will contribute to the optimisation of its use in clinical practice.

Intraoperative Administration of Intravenous Morphine in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

The goal of this observational, quality improvement study is to compare the effect of a dose of morphine given during gall-bladder removal surgery. The main questions to answer are: * Do participants, who are given given a dose of morphine during gall-bladder removal surgery, experience less pain after surgery? * Does a dose of morphine during gall-bladder removal surgery cause more side effects? The investigators will compare the effects of two types of anesthesia: a) anesthesia without morphine during surgery, and b) anesthesia with morphine during surgery.