Clinical Research Directory

Effectiveness of Laser Therapy for Pain Relief From Chronic Wounds in Adults in Guaviare

Traditionally, the clinical management of chronic wounds has concentrated primarily on tissue closure, leaving persistent pain under-addressed. Discomfort during routine dressing changes is often worsened by tissue trauma. Even with standard pain medications and gentle dressing procedures, patients in Guaviare, Colombia, continue to suffer from unmet pain management needs. To bridge this gap, Low-Level Laser Therapy (photobiomodulation) offers a nurse-driven, non-pharmacological complementary option designed to target pain directly and enhance overall quality of life. This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy added to standard care, compared to standard care alone, for the relief of pain experienced by patients with chronic wounds during nursing consultations at a wound care clinic in a healthcare institution in San José del Guaviare, Colombia. The study employs a pragmatic randomized crossover design (AB/BA), enabling each participant to serve as their own control and increasing statistical efficiency. Participants will randomly receive both treatments-laser therapy combined with usual care, as well as usual care on its own-separated by a four-day washout period. Key evaluation criteria include decreases in pain intensity and its interference with daily activities, alongside gains in perceived pain relief and overall patient satisfaction. The resulting data will be evaluated using Linear Mixed Models, analyzing the cohort through complementary Intention-to-Treat (ITT) and Per-Protocol (PP) framework approaches.

The Effect of Sacral Massage and Sterile Water Injection During Childbirth on Pain Level and Birth Satisfaction

Childbirth is a physiological, psychological, and social process. Ineffective management of lower back pain during labor reduces oxygen supply to the fetus, increasing hypoxia, distress, perinatal morbidity, and mortality rates. Non-pharmacological approaches such as massage, breathing techniques, sterile water injection, aromatherapy, hydrotherapy, transcutaneous nerve stimulation, and acupressure are used to reduce pain during childbirth. Sterile Water Injection (SSI) is one of the non-pharmacological methods applied to reduce lower back pain during childbirth. Injecting sterile water into the skin acts as a pain stimulant that alters pain perception in women experiencing severe back and lower back pain during labor. SSI is considered an attractive and current method for reducing lower back pain during childbirth due to its lack of side effects and risk to the fetus. Sacral massage, on the other hand, is applied to pregnant women, usually in the form of back or sacral massage, to reduce pain perception and increase comfort during childbirth. The mechanism of action of both Sterile Water Injection and sacral massage applied to the sacral region is the same and bypasses the gate mechanisms expressed by gate control theory. It prevents the pain-causing agent from passing through the "door," thus preventing the pain stimulus from reaching consciousness. Sacral massage and sterile water injection applied during labor stimulate the central nervous system, causing a number of hormonal changes. Furthermore, the central nervous system stimulates oxytocin release, leading to mental detachment from pain and reduced anxiety. Therefore, women giving birth can tolerate pain better. Birth satisfaction is crucial for maintaining maternal and infant health. The provision of quality healthcare services is directly proportional to a positive birth experience and maternal satisfaction. Since sterile water injection and sacral massage are low-cost interventions with no side effects for the mother and fetus, they can be easily applied to alleviate labor pain among women giving birth. The literature shows a limited number of studies comparing sterile water injection and sacral massage in the sacral region during labor. This study will be conducted to determine the effect of sterile water injection and sacral massage applied to the sacral region on labor pain and satisfaction in pregnant women.

Clinical Application of Vagus Nerve Stimulation Combined With Immunoregulatory T Cells in Alleviating Aromatase Inhibitor-Induced Pain

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn whether transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation, also called taVNS, can help relieve aromatase inhibitor-related joint and muscle pain in adult women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. The main questions this study aims to answer are: 1. Does taVNS reduce pain caused by aromatase inhibitor treatment? 2. Does taVNS improve quality of life, mood symptoms, and the need for pain medicine? 3. What side effects or medical problems occur during treatment? Researchers will compare active taVNS with sham stimulation. Participants in both groups will receive mild electrical stimulation around the ear, but the sham stimulation will be applied to an area not expected to activate the vagus nerve. Participants will: 1. Be randomly assigned to active taVNS or sham stimulation 2. Receive one 30-minute treatment session every day for 28 days 3. Complete pain, mood, and quality-of-life questionnaires before treatment, after treatment, and during follow-up 4. Report pain medicine use and any side effects 5. Provide small blood samples to measure inflammatory markers, T-cell profiles, and tumor markers Participants will be followed for up to 6 months after treatment. For some participants who do not have enough pain relief after taVNS, an optional second-stage study may be offered. In this stage, participants may receive low-dose interleukin-2, also called IL-2, by injection every other day for 2 weeks.