Clinical Research Directory

Cartoon Watching Versus Ball Squeezing During Venous Blood Sampling in Children

This single-center, parallel-group, randomized experimental study will compare the effects of two non-pharmacological distraction/coping interventions - cartoon watching and ball squeezing - on procedural pain and pain-related fear during venous blood sampling in children aged 6-9 years. The study will be conducted in the Pediatric Blood Collection Unit of Mersin University Hospital. Eligible children will be randomized to either the cartoon-watching group or the ball-squeezing group. Pain will be assessed using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale, and pain-related fear will be assessed using the Children's Fear Scale before, during, and after venous blood sampling. Hypotheses * H1a: There is a difference between groups in mean WB-FACES scores during the procedure. * H1b: There is a difference between groups in mean CFS scores during the procedure.

Pain-Related Fear and Motor Control in Healthy Volunteers

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn how experimentally induced movement-related threat affects emotional, autonomic, and motor responses in healthy adults. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Does movement-related threat change walking performance or upper-limb pointing movements? * Are these effects moderated by participants' level of kinesiophobia? * Does movement-related threat increase apprehension or alter heart rate variability responses? Participants will complete two experimental conditions during one session: a control condition and an experimental condition. In both conditions, inactive transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) electrodes will be placed in the lumbar region. In the experimental condition, participants will receive verbal suggestions about discomfort, movement-evoked pain, and potential unpredictable electrical stimulation to create the threat of pain associated with movement. Participants will complete a baseline assessment of kinesiophobia, followed by walking and pointing tasks, while perceived apprehension and autonomic responses are assessed.

Distraction Cards Versus Emotion-Regulation Toy Squeezing During Intramuscular Vaccination in Preschool Children

This single-center, parallel-group, randomized experimental study will compare the effects of two active non-pharmacological interventions - distraction-card use and emotion-regulation toy squeezing - on procedural pain and pain-related fear during intramuscular tetanus vaccination in children aged 4-7 years. Eligible children will be randomized to either the distraction-card group or the emotion-regulation toy-squeezing group. Pain will be assessed using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale, and pain-related fear will be assessed using the Children's Fear Scale before, during, and after the intramuscular injection procedure. Hypotheses * H1a: There is a difference between the groups in mean Wong-Baker FACES scores during the procedure. * H1b: There is a difference between the groups in mean Children's Fear Scale scores during the procedure.