Clinical Research Directory

Salivary and GCF Biomarkers in Periodontal Health, Gingivitis and Periodontitis

This observational cross-sectional study aims to compare the levels of irisin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) among individuals with periodontal health, gingivitis, and periodontitis. Biomarker concentrations will be measured using human-specific ELISA kits. The study seeks to evaluate the diagnostic potential of these markers and to contribute to a better understanding of the inflammatory-metabolic axis in periodontal disease.

Periodontal Health in Adults Treated With Fixed Orthodontic Appliances or Clear Aligners

This prospective observational study will compare the effects of fixed orthodontic appliances and clear aligners on periodontal health during the initial three months of orthodontic treatment. Thirty systemically healthy adults will be included in two groups of fifteen according to the orthodontic treatment modality received. Prior to appliance placement, all participants will undergo standardized non-surgical periodontal treatment and receive oral hygiene instructions. Periodontal parameters, including plaque accumulation, gingival inflammation, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level, will be assessed at baseline, following periodontal treatment, and at the third month of orthodontic therapy. Patient-reported outcomes related to oral health-related quality of life, gingival symptoms, and oral hygiene difficulty will also be evaluated. The study aims to determine whether periodontal and patient-reported outcomes differ between fixed orthodontic appliances and clear aligners during the early phase of orthodontic treatment.

Evaluation of the Effect of Smoking on Apelin, Periostin, and High-Sensitivity CRP Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Serum

Periodontal health is influenced by various local and systemic factors, with smoking being one of the major environmental risk factors. This clinical study is designed to investigate the biochemical profiles of individuals by measuring apelin, periostin, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels in both gingival crevicular fluid and serum. The participants will be divided into specific study groups based on their smoking status and periodontal condition. Samples of gingival crevicular fluid and serum will be collected under standard clinical protocols, and biomarker concentrations will be analyzed quantitatively using the ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) method to evaluate their potential correlation with periodontal status.

Comparison of Two Expansion Techniques for Horizontal Bone Deficiency

This was a prospective, randomized clinical trial conducted at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ege University. Patients exhibiting horizontal bone insufficiency (residual crest width \< 4 mm) in the posterior mandible received dental implants with two techniques: osseodensification or crest split. The investigator compared to clinical and radiological outcomes of these techniques.

Effects of Green Tea Mouthwash on Halitosis, Periodontal Health, and Stress in Orthodontic Patients

This randomized, double-blind, four-arm clinical trial evaluates the effects of green tea mouthwash on halitosis, periodontal health, salivary stress biomarkers, and oxidative stress in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Participants aged 15-25 years are assigned to one of four mouthwash groups: two green tea mouthwashes, a fluoride mouthwash, or normal saline. Outcomes are assessed before treatment and during follow-up using halitosis measurements, periodontal assessments, salivary biomarkers, and microbiological analysis.

Salivary Gasdermin E and Granzyme B Levels in Patients With Periodontitis

This observational study aims to compare salivary Gasdermin E and Granzyme B levels between individuals with periodontitis and periodontally healthy individuals. It will also evaluate the relationships between these biomarkers and clinical periodontal measurements. Saliva samples and periodontal clinical measurements will be collected from all participants. No treatment or experimental intervention will be administered as part of the study. The findings may contribute to a better understanding of the inflammatory mechanisms associated with periodontitis.

The Effect of Retraction Cord on the Surrounding Periodontal Tissues in Restorative Treatment

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn whether a retraction cord affects gum health when used during tooth restoration procedures. A retraction cord is a thin thread that dentists sometimes place between the tooth and the gum surrounding it, to gently push the gum aside so the restoration can be performed in a clean surface isolated from saliva. The study includes adult teeth with tooth damage near the gumline that has not been caused by decay, yet needs a restoration. The main research question is: Does using a retraction cord make a difference for gum health as opposed to not using one? Participants will be assigned into four separate groups. Two groups will receive a restoration with one type of bonding material, either with or without a retraction cord. The other two groups will receive a restoration with a different kind of bonding material, either with or without a retraction cord. Researchers will check gum health status before the restorations and again on days 1, 7, and 28. They will observe symptoms such as swelling in the gums, bleeding of the gums, and gum margin positions. A fluid sample from the area between the gum and tooth will be collected to test for molecules of inflammation.

Deep Margin Elevation in Endodontically Treated Posterior Teeth

This study aims to evaluate the periodontal response of proximal surfaces with deep margin elevation (DME) in endodontically treated posterior teeth restored with CAD/CAM systems. Deep subgingival margins present clinical challenges in terms of isolation, restoration, and long-term periodontal health. DME is a minimally invasive technique used to relocate subgingival margins coronally to a supragingival level, facilitating adhesive procedures and CAD/CAM restoration placement. However, the periodontal effects of DME remain unclear. In this prospective split-tooth clinical study, proximal surfaces treated with DME will be compared with control surfaces without DME within the same tooth. The primary outcome will be bleeding on probing (BOP), while secondary outcomes will include probing depth and plaque index. Clinical and radiographic evaluations will be performed at baseline and during follow-up. The results of this study are expected to provide clinical evidence regarding the periodontal impact of DME and support clinical decision-making in the restoration of endodontically treated posterior teeth.

Comparison Between Periodontal Effects of Fixed and Vacuum-Formed Retainers

One of the most crucial aspects of orthodontic therapy is retention, which is required to prevent orthodontic relapse . There are two main types of retainers, removable retainer which depends on patient compliance to achieve proper results, and fixed retainer which can overcome the problem of patient compliance, but with using it there is higher risk of plaque accumulation and the process of brushing teeth becomes more complex. However, it is not known whether this necessarily leads to worsening of periodontal outcomes . The increasing use of permanent retainers and their requirement for continuous wear highlight the importance of evaluating their impact on the periodontal health but there is conflicting data available right now on how orthodontic retainers affect periodontal diseases

Relationship Between Periodontal Inflammation Severity and Pan-Immune System Inflammation Value

This cross-sectional observational study aims to evaluate the relationship between periodontal inflammation severity and the Pan-Immune-Inflammation Value (PIV) in systemically healthy adults. A total of 160 participants will be recruited from the Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University. Clinical periodontal parameters and Periodontal Inflamed Surface Area (PISA) will be recorded, and their association with PIV calculated from complete blood count parameters will be analyzed.

Periodontal Biocompatibility of Pediatric Crowns

Different full-coverage crown materials are widely used in pediatric dentistry for the restoration of primary teeth with extensive substance loss. Since these restorations remain in close contact with gingival tissues for prolonged periods, they may influence periodontal health depending on their surface characteristics, marginal adaptation, and biological properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of stainless steel crowns (SSC), prefabricated zirconia crowns (PZC), and fiber-glass crowns (FGC) on periodontal health in children using both clinical periodontal parameters and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) biomarkers, including IL-1β and MMP-8, within a split-mouth study design.

Effect of Probiotics on the Periodontal Status of Orthodontic Patients

Gingival inflammation (gingivitis) is commonly reported in teenagers with fixed orthodontic devices (FOD). Indeed, FODs promote the accumulation of plaque and interfere with the efficacy of tooth brushing. According to in vitro and in vivo studies, the administration of oral probiotic bacteria including Lactobacillus reuteri may reduce the number of periodontal pathogens in saliva and dental plaque. A recent systematic review shows a positive effect of probiotics in addition to tooth brushing in the treatment of periodontitis. However, there is insufficient data regarding the effect of probiotics in the prevention of gum diseases. The aim of this double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study is to assess the effect of probiotics, in addition to dental brushing, on gum inflammation and the composition of the oral microbiota in teenagers with fixed orthodontic appliances

Detection And Quantification of Eubacterium Saphenum and Porphyromonas Gingivalis In Periodontal Health and Disease

This case-control study will be conducted between January and June 2026 and will include 148 participants aged over 30 years to investigate differences between individuals with periodontitis (n = 111) and those with periodontal health (n = 37). Participants will be selected based on strict inclusion and exclusion criteria to minimize confounding factors, and ethical approval along with informed consent will be obtained prior to participation. Periodontitis will be diagnosed according to the 2017 classification criteria, requiring clinical attachment loss and periodontal pocketing, while periodontal health will be defined by minimal bleeding on probing, shallow pocket depths, and absence of attachment loss. The sample size will be determined using G\*Power to ensure adequate statistical power. Clinical periodontal parameters-including plaque index, gingival bleeding index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment loss-will be recorded using standardized methods at multiple sites per tooth by calibrated examiners to ensure reliability. Following clinical assessment, subgingival biofilm samples will be collected using sterile paper points under controlled conditions and stored at -80°C for subsequent real-time PCR analysis. Calibration procedures, including inter- and intra-examiner agreement assessed by intraclass correlation coefficients, will be implemented to enhance measurement consistency. Overall, the study will combine rigorous clinical evaluation with molecular techniques to enable a comprehensive assessment of periodontal status and associated microbiological factors.

Evaluation of the Anti-Plaque Effect of a Resveratrol-Based Mouthwash Using a 24-Hour Plaque Re-Growth

Dental plaque is a biofilm that accumulates on tooth surfaces and is a primary factor in the development of gingival inflammation. While toothbrushing remains the main method for plaque control, the effectiveness of mechanical oral hygiene depends largely on individual compliance and technique. As a result, mouthwashes are commonly used as adjunctive chemical plaque control agents. Chlorhexidine gluconate is an effective anti-plaque mouthwash, but its use is associated with undesirable effects that may limit patient acceptance. Resveratrol is a naturally derived compound with reported antimicrobial and anti-biofilm properties, suggesting its potential use as an alternative chemical plaque control agent. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, three-period crossover clinical trial aims to evaluate the short-term anti-plaque effect of a resveratrol-based mouthwash by measuring supragingival plaque regrowth over a 24-hour period in periodontally healthy individuals. The effects of the resveratrol-based mouthwash will be compared with 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX) and a placebo mouthwash under standardized conditions without mechanical oral hygiene

Association of Periodontal Status and Smoking With Salivary Inflammasome Markers

The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between periodontal status and salivary levels of the inflammasomes NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP-3), NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 6 (NLRP-6), NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 12 (NLRP-12), NOD-like receptor family, CARD domain containing 5 (NLRC-5), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). Furthermore, this study aims to investigate whether the salivary levels of these inflammasomes may serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers for distinguishing individuals with periodontitis from those without. In addition, the potential role of smoking in modulating the relationship between periodontal status and salivary inflammasome levels will also be explored.

Evaluation of the Effect of Tea Tree and Chlorhexidine Mouthwashes on Healing After Third Molar Extraction

The purpose of this clinical study is to compare the effects of mouthwashes containing Chlorhexidine and tea tree oil on edema, pain, and trismus after the extraction of impacted third molars. Additionally, the effects on periodontal health will be examined by comparing the gum healing processes of patients using both mouthwashes.The main questions it aims to answer are: 1. Tea tree oil, said to have anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects, could be an alternative to chlorhexidine in reducing postoperative complications after impacted tooth extraction. 2. Does tea tree oil, which has antimicrobial effects, have as positive an impact on periodontal health as chlorhexidine?Researchers will compare tea tree oil to chlorhexidine (routinely prescribed after the extraction of an impacted wisdom tooth) to see if tea tree oil works to decrease postoperative complications. Participants will: For 7 days after the operation, they will gargle with chlorhexidine mouthwash or mouthwash containing tea tree oil 3 times a day. They will come to the clinic for check-ups and measurements on the 2nd and 7th days after the operation. They will record their pain levels and the number of painkillers they take daily.

Assessment of Salivary GM-CSF, MIP, and IL-1β Levels in Subjects With Varying Periodontal Conditions

In order to determine the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases, the levels of various cytokines are examined in tissues and fluids taken from the body. In recent publications, the role of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF), Macrophage Inflammatory Protein (MIP)-1α and Interleukin (IL)-1β on chronic inflammatory diseases has been investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of these cytokines in the saliva of healthy individuals with gingivitis and periodontitis. All oral clinical parameters of 60 systemically healthy individuals (20 healthy, 20 with gingivitis and 20 with periodontitis) who applied to our clinic for routine periodontal control will be measured and saliva samples will be taken from the patients. GM-CSF, MIP-1α and IL-1β (biomarkers emphasizing inflammation in saliva samples) will be determined by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). Then, statistical analyses will be performed to interpret the difference in cytokine levels between the groups and the relationship between these cytokines and clinical parameters. Possible significant differences in cytokine levels will reveal that these proteins and enzymes can be utilized as a diagnostic tool in periodontal diseases, to distinguish periodontal disease status from healthy, or as a guide for treatments.

Clinical Effectiveness of Cobalt Chromium CAD-CAM Designed Customized Lingual Retainer

This study aims to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of CAD/CAM 3D printed Chrome Cobalt fixed retainer in maintaining mandibular anterior teeth stability. The Research Question; "Does the Cobalt-Chromium CAD/CAM designed customized lingual retainer better than Stainless steel lingual retainer in improving tooth stability after orthodontic treatment?" The null hypothesis "There is no differences between the fixed CAD/CAM 3D printed Chrome Cobalt customized retainer and the multi-stranded stainless-steel fixed retainer in maintaining mandibular anterior teeth stability."