Clinical Research Directory

Effectiveness of Virtual Reality-enhanced Interventions on Preoperative Anxiety in Adults Undergoing Elective Surgery

Brief Summary: Preoperative anxiety is a common phenomenon in surgical patients, with a pooled global prevalence of 48%. Surgical patients with preoperative anxiety may negatively impact their psychological health and surgical outcomes. Recent studies have revealed the promising effects of virtual reality-enhanced interventions to improve preoperative anxiety symptoms among adults undergoing elective surgery. There is a lack of interventional studies to compare and evaluate the co-designed preoperative virtual reality-enhanced interventions in adult surgical patients. This study aims to examine the effects of co-designed virtual reality educational video and virtual reality distraction video on preoperative anxiety symptoms, vital signs, Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and postoperative anxiety compared to usual care. This study will contribute by evaluating evidence-based, user-centered VIPA that may be effective for improving preoperative anxiety among adult surgical patients.

Intranasal Dexmedetomidine vs Oral Midazolam for Premedication in Pediatric Surgery

This study aims to compare the effects of intranasal dexmedetomidine and oral midazolam as premedication in pediatric patients undergoing elective inguinal and urological surgery under general anesthesia. Premedication plays a critical role in reducing preoperative anxiety, facilitating parent-child separation, and improving cooperation during anesthesia induction in pediatric patients. While oral midazolam is widely used, it has several limitations, including variable bioavailability and the risk of paradoxical reactions. Intranasal dexmedetomidine has emerged as a promising alternative due to its sedative, anxiolytic, and minimal respiratory depressant effects. In this prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled study, patients aged 2-10 years will be assigned to receive either intranasal dexmedetomidine or oral midazolam prior to anesthesia induction. The primary outcome is the proportion of patients achieving adequate sedation at induction, defined as a Ramsay Sedation Score (RSS) ≥2. Secondary outcomes include perioperative hemodynamic stability, parent-child separation anxiety, mask acceptance during induction, postoperative emergence agitation, recovery time, and the need for rescue sedation.

Virtual Reality for Anxiety in Interventional Radiology Procedures

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if virtual reality works to reduce anxiety in patients undergoing interventional radiology procedures. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does virtual reality lower anxiety in patients undegoing minimally invasive procedures? Can it help the platient's compliance and operators' satisfaction? Researchers will compare virtual reality to usual preoperative care to see if virtual reality is effective. Participants will: Use virtual reality for 20 minutes before the intervention starts. Complete questionnaires before and after the procedure.

Effect of Preoperative Melatonin on Quality of Recovery After Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is one of the most commonly performed abdominal surgical procedures worldwide. Although the widespread implementation of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) protocols has improved perioperative outcomes, many patients continue to experience postoperative pain, sleep disturbance, anxiety, nausea, and fatigue, symptoms that collectively impair overall quality of recovery (QoR). Melatonin, an endogenous hormone that regulates circadian rhythm, also possesses anxiolytic, analgesic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, positioning it as a valuable perioperative adjunct. However, most previous studies have evaluated melatonin primarily for isolated outcomes such as sleep quality or anxiety. Its effect on comprehensive postoperative recovery, assessed using validated patient-reported outcome instruments, remains insufficiently explored, particularly in laparoscopic cholecystectomy populations and in South Asian clinical settings. This prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (the MEL-REC trial) aims to evaluate the effect of preoperative oral melatonin on postoperative quality of recovery in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anaesthesia. The study will be conducted in the Department of Anaesthesiology at Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Dhaka, Bangladesh, over a total study period of 18 months (January 2026 to June 2027), with patient recruitment planned for 8 months (May to December 2026) after taking approval from institutional review board. Eighty four adult patients aged 18-60 years with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I-II will be randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio into two equal groups (n = 42 per group) using computer-generated permuted block randomization with centralized pharmacy based allocation concealment. The melatonin group (Group M) will receive oral melatonin 6 mg administered 60 minutes before induction of anaesthesia and the placebo group (Group P) will receive an identical placebo tablet under the same conditions. Neither the participants, the treating anaesthesiologist, the outcome assessor, nor the data analyst will be aware of group allocation until database lock. All patients will receive a standardized anaesthesia and perioperative management protocol, including standardized postoperative analgesia. The primary outcome will be postoperative quality of recovery assessed using the Quality of Recovery-15 (QoR-15) score at 24 ± 2 hours after surgery. Secondary outcomes include postoperative sleep quality measured by the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire, change in preoperative anxiety (delta-VAS-A score), total opioid consumption during the first 24 hours expressed as intravenous morphine milligram equivalents, incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, and time to first rescue analgesic request. All postoperative outcomes will be assessed by a trained research assistant blinded to group allocation. Based on the available evidence, it is anticipated that patients receiving preoperative melatonin will demonstrate higher QoR-15 scores at 24 hours after surgery compared with the placebo group. The melatonin group is also expected to have improved postoperative sleep quality, reduced opioid consumption, and a greater reduction in preoperative anxiety. If a clinically meaningful benefit is confirmed, given its well established safety profile, low cost, and ease of oral administration, preoperative melatonin may represent a practical perioperative adjunct that can be readily incorporated into ERAS protocols for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The trial will be prospectively registered in the Bangladesh Medical Research Council (BMRC) clinical trial registry or clinicaltrials.gov prior to recruitment.

Nurse Navigation Programs Affect to Anxiety, Perception of Quality Nursing Care and Stress Hormone Levels

This study aims to evaluate the effect of a nurse-led preoperative navigation program on preoperative anxiety, perceived quality of perioperative nursing care, and serum cortisol levels in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. A total of 60 patients scheduled for CABG surgery will be recruited from the cardiovascular surgery clinic and randomly assigned to either the intervention group (n=30) or the control group (n=30). Patients in the intervention group will receive a structured nurse-led preoperative navigation program, including verbal education and an animated video about the surgical and operating room process. Patients in the control group will receive standard perioperative care. Preoperative anxiety, serum cortisol and glucose levels, and perceived quality of perioperative nursing care will be assessed at specified time points.

Structured Communication About Artificial Intelligence in Perioperative Care (AI-COM)

This study investigates whether structured communication about artificial intelligence (AI) in perioperative care can reduce preoperative anxiety and improve perceived control among adult patients undergoing elective surgery. As AI-supported tools become more common in healthcare, patients may feel uncertain about how these technologies relate to their care, whether they influence clinical decisions, and whether healthcare professionals remain responsible for final decision-making. Such uncertainty may contribute to anxiety before surgery and may reduce patients' sense of control. In this attention-controlled randomized trial, adult patients scheduled for elective surgery will be assigned to one of two groups. The attention-control group will receive standard preoperative information plus a time-matched general supportive nurse-patient communication session. The intervention group will receive standard preoperative information plus a structured, non-technical communication protocol about AI in perioperative care. The protocol will explain the supportive role of AI, emphasize human clinical oversight, address AI-related uncertainty, and help patients understand that general information about AI must be interpreted in relation to their individual clinical situation. Preoperative anxiety, perceived control, AI-related uncertainty, information clarity, and trust in the clinical team will be assessed using structured questionnaires. The study does not test or evaluate any AI software, medical device, imaging system, or diagnostic technology. Instead, it focuses on whether structured communication about AI-related uncertainty can improve psychological preparedness before surgery. The findings may help inform practical, transparent, and patient-centered communication strategies for discussing AI-supported healthcare technologies in perioperative settings.

Relationship Between Preoperative Anxiety, Postoperative Pain, and Emergence Delirium in Pediatric Surgery

The goal of this observational study is to learn if preoperative anxiety levels can predict the quality of early postoperative recovery, pain intensity, and the occurrence of emergence delirium in pediatric patients aged 2 to 7 years undergoing elective urogenital surgery, specifically hypospadias repair, orchidopexy, and hydrocele surgery. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does a higher level of preoperative anxiety lead to increased postoperative pain and a higher incidence of emergence delirium? Is there a significant relationship between preoperative anxiety and the speed of physical recovery (discharge readiness) as measured by Aldrete scores? Researchers will compare outcomes of patients with different levels of preoperative anxiety to see if higher anxiety results in poorer recovery profiles in the immediate postoperative period. Participants will: Be assessed for anxiety levels using the Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS) immediately before anesthesia induction. Undergo a standardized anesthesia protocol for their elective urogenital procedure (hypospadias repair, orchidopexy, or hydrocele surgery). Be monitored in the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) at 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes after surgery to evaluate physical recovery (Modified Aldrete Score), delirium (PAED scale), and pain intensity (FLACC scale).

Effect of 360° VR and 2D Videos on Patient Anxiety in Outpatient Ophthalmologic Care

Background Previous research on ambulatory care pathways has highlighted recurring issues such as elevated patient anxiety, disorientation, and insufficient access to information, all of which negatively affect the patient experience. However, evidence remains limited regarding the effectiveness of different preparatory media in mitigating these issues in real-world clinical settings. Objectives The present study aims to assess whether viewing a video of an outpatient ophthalmologic care pathway prior to the day of surgery-either as a standard 2D video or as a 360° immersive video experienced in virtual reality (VR)-reduces patient anxiety and disorientation compared with a control condition without media support. In addition, the study aims to determine which medium is most effective and to explore methods for assessing anxiety, orientation, and information in ecological clinical settings.

The Effectiveness of a Virtual Reality-based Educational Intervention on Anxiety Symptoms, Pain Levels, and Physiological Indicator Outcomes in Surgical Patients

Study Design and Participants This study employed a prospective, randomized controlled trial (RCT) design. A total of two study arms were established: an experimental group receiving a virtual reality (VR) education intervention combined with conventional care, and a control group receiving a unit health education film with conventional care. Participants were recruited based on the following inclusion criteria: adults aged 18 years or older scheduled for elective hip or knee replacement surgery under spinal anesthesia; an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status grade of I to III; clear consciousness with the ability to read and understand Chinese; and no prior diagnosis of anxiety disorders or significant visual/hearing impairments. Patients were excluded if they had a history of head trauma or chronic dizziness, or if they required post-operative transfer to the intensive care unit (ICU) due to medical complications. Randomization and Intervention Eligible participants were assigned to either the experimental or control group using block randomization to ensure balanced group sizes. The primary intervention for the experimental group consisted of a structured Virtual Reality Education Program, while the control group received standard institutional health education via video. Data Collection and Instrumentation A repeated-measures approach was utilized for data collection across four distinct time points: (1) baseline (one day prior to surgery), (2) pre-operative arrival at the operating room holding area on the day of surgery, (3) one day post-operatively, and (4) three days post-operatively. The research instruments used for assessment included: A demographic profile sheet. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The Visual Analogue Scale for Anxiety (VAS-A). The Visual Analogue Scale for Pain (VAS-P). A Virtual Reality Education Satisfaction Questionnaire. Standardized physiological indicators.

Daily Screen Exposure and Preoperative Anxiety in Children Aged 2-5 Years

This prospective observational study aims to evaluate whether daily screen exposure duration is associated with preoperative anxiety levels in children aged 2-5 years undergoing elective surgery. Screen exposure in early childhood has been associated with emotional and behavioral outcomes, including increased anxiety. However, its potential impact on anxiety in acute stress situations such as surgery has not been previously investigated. Preoperative anxiety in children is associated with difficult anesthetic induction, increased postoperative agitation, prolonged recovery, and behavioral disturbances. In this study, parents will complete a structured questionnaire assessing their child's daily screen exposure duration and related factors. Children will be categorized into three groups according to reported daily screen time: less than 1 hour per day, 1-2 hours per day, and more than 2 hours per day. Preoperative anxiety will be assessed immediately before anesthesia induction using the Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS), a validated observational tool for measuring anxiety in young children. No additional medical interventions will be performed beyond routine clinical care. The study seeks to determine whether higher screen exposure is associated with increased preoperative anxiety levels and to identify potential risk factors contributing to anxiety in preschool children undergoing surgery.

Nurse-Led Emotional Freedom Technique for Preoperative Anxiety and Fear in Thyroid Surgery

Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) is a non-invasive, low-cost complementary intervention that has been used in various clinical settings to reduce anxiety and psychological distress. Although previous studies have suggested the potential benefits of EFT in general anxiety and postoperative psychological outcomes, evidence regarding its effectiveness in patients undergoing thyroid surgery is limited. Thyroid surgery is associated with unique sources of preoperative anxiety and fear due to potential complications related to voice, swallowing, and hormonal balance. This randomized controlled study aims to evaluate the effect of Emotional Freedom Technique on preoperative anxiety and fear in patients undergoing thyroid surgery. Eligible patients will be randomly assigned to an intervention group receiving EFT in addition to standard preoperative nursing care or to a control group receiving standard preoperative nursing care alone. EFT will be administered by trained nurses following a standardized protocol during the preoperative period. Anxiety and fear levels will be assessed using validated measurement tools before and after the intervention. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to evidence-based nursing practices and to support the integration of complementary interventions into perioperative nursing care.

Prediction of Postoperative Pain Using Venous Cannulation Pain and Preoperative Anxiety Scores

Postoperative pain remains a significant clinical problem affecting recovery, mobilization, and patient satisfaction after surgery. Considerable interindividual variability exists in postoperative pain intensity even among patients undergoing the same surgical procedure. This variability may be influenced not only by the extent of surgical trauma but also by individual pain sensitivity and psychological factors such as preoperative anxiety. The aim of this prospective observational study is to evaluate whether pain intensity reported during routine venous cannulation and preoperative anxiety levels assessed by the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS) can predict early postoperative pain severity in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia. Venous cannulation pain will be assessed using a 0-10 visual analog scale (VAS), and anxiety levels will be measured preoperatively using APAIS. Postoperative pain will be evaluated at predefined time points within the first 12 hours after surgery using VAS scores and analgesic consumption. Identifying simple and easily obtainable preoperative predictors may allow individualized postoperative analgesic strategies for patients at higher risk of severe postoperative pain.

Comparison of Virtual Reality-Based and Routine Preoperative Education on Surgical Anxiety and Salivary Cortisol

This randomized controlled pilot study aims to compare the effects of virtual reality-based preoperative education and routine preoperative education on surgical anxiety in patients undergoing lumbar disc surgery. In addition to evaluating psychological outcomes, the study will also compare psychometric anxiety assessments with a biological stress marker, salivary cortisol, to examine the relationship between subjective and physiological stress responses. Preoperative anxiety is common among surgical patients and may negatively influence both emotional well-being and physiological stress regulation. Virtual reality-based education may provide a more immersive and engaging learning experience compared to routine education, potentially reducing anxiety levels. Participants will be randomly assigned to either a virtual reality-based education group or a routine preoperative education group. Surgical anxiety will be assessed using validated psychometric measurement tools, and physiological stress response will be evaluated through salivary cortisol analysis. The study will further explore the concordance between psychometric findings and biological stress indicators. The results may contribute to the development of innovative, evidence-based nursing interventions and provide insight into the relationship between psychological and biological indicators of preoperative anxiety.

The Effect of a Drama-Based Coloring Storybook on Children's Fear, Anxiety, and Pain Management in the Perioperative Process: "Alican's Brave Journey"

This randomized controlled study aims to evaluate the effect of a drama-based coloring storybook on children's fear, anxiety, and pain management during the perioperative process. The study will be conducted with children aged 6-9 years who are scheduled for elective surgery. Participants will be randomly assigned to either an intervention group receiving the drama-based coloring storybook or a control group receiving routine preoperative care. Levels of fear, anxiety, and pain will be assessed using validated measurement tools at predefined perioperative time points. The findings are expected to contribute to evidence-based, child-centered perioperative care practices.

Ride-On Toy Car Use During Operating Room Transfer in Preschool Children

The goal of this clinical trial is to determine whether the method of transfer to the operating room can reduce preoperative anxiety and postoperative emergence delirium in male children aged 3 to 7 years undergoing elective adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Does transfer using a ride-on toy car reduce preoperative anxiety compared with standard stretcher transfer? * Does this transfer method affect the incidence and severity of postoperative emergence delirium? Researchers will compare toy car transfer with standard hospital stretcher transfer to see if the toy car transfer is associated with lower anxiety levels and reduced emergence delirium. Participants will: * Transfer to the operating room either using a ride-on toy car or a standard hospital stretcher * Have preoperative anxiety assessed at predefined time points * Be evaluated for postoperative emergence delirium during recovery

Personal Versus Hospital-Provided Dolls in Preschool Children

The goal of this study is to evaluate the effects of personal versus hospital-provided dolls on preoperative anxiety and postoperative delirium in preschool children aged 3-7 years undergoing elective adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Is the use of a personal doll or a hospital-provided doll associated with lower preoperative anxiety compared with no doll use? * Is dolls used associated with a reduced incidence and severity of postoperative emergence delirium? * Researchers will compare children accompanied by a hospital-provided doll, children accompanied by their personal doll, and children with no doll to assess differences in preoperative anxiety levels, serum cortisol concentrations, and postoperative delirium scores. Participants will: * Be observed in one of three exposure groups (hospital-provided doll, personal doll, or no doll) * Undergo standardized preoperative anxiety assessments at predefined time points * Have serum cortisol levels measured during routine intravenous cannulation * Be assessed for postoperative delirium in the recovery unit

Effect of Clinical Hypnosis in Preoperative Anxiety Among Patients Undergoing an Abdominal Surgery.

This Multicenter randomized controlled trial evaluates clinical hypnosis efficacy for reducing perioperative anxiety and postoperative pain in abdominal surgery patients across 3 Moroccan centers (n=48-68). Intervention arm receives 15-20 min level 2 hypnosis session preoperatively; control receives standard psychological preparation. Primary outcome: VAS-anxiety post-intervention. Secondary: postoperative EVA-pain, analgesic consumption, length of stay. Study Design Prospective, multicenter, parallel-group RCT (1:1 allocation, stratified by center/sex). Inclusion: consenting ASA I-II adults for abdominal surgery. Primary endpoint powered for 10mm EVA reduction (80% power, α=0.05). Registration supports PhD thesis at ISSS/Université Hassan 1er Settat.

QR Code-Based Preoperative Education for Cesarean Birth: Anxiety, Pain, and Comfort

This study aims to evaluate the effect of QR code-based preoperative education on anxiety, postpartum pain, and comfort levels in women undergoing cesarean birth. Cesarean delivery is a common surgical procedure, and insufficient preoperative information may increase anxiety and negatively affect postoperative recovery and comfort. In this randomized controlled study, eligible pregnant women scheduled for elective cesarean birth will be assigned to either an intervention group or a control group. Women in the intervention group will receive preoperative education delivered through QR code-based digital materials, including information about the cesarean procedure, postoperative pain management, and comfort-enhancing strategies. The control group will receive routine care provided by the hospital. Anxiety levels will be assessed preoperatively, while postpartum pain and comfort levels will be evaluated after delivery using validated measurement tools. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to the development of accessible and effective educational interventions to improve maternal well-being and postoperative outcomes in cesarean birth.

Evaluation of Therapeutic Play Methods on Preoperative Anxiety and Acute Postoperative Symptoms in School-Age Children

This study aims to evaluate the effect of different therapeutic play methods (finger puppet play, virtual reality glasses, and smartphone games) applied to children aged 6-12 years during the preoperative period on their anxiety levels and postoperative acute symptoms. The study has a randomized controlled design conducted in a pediatric surgery clinic. The research seeks to answer the following question: "Are different therapeutic play methods effective in reducing anxiety, fear, pain, and other acute symptoms in children during the surgical process?"

Effects of Preoperative Education on Anxiety and Emergence Agitation

This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effect of structured preoperative education focused on the anesthesia emergence process on preoperative anxiety and postoperative emergence agitation in adult surgical patients undergoing general anesthesia. Emergence agitation is a frequent postoperative complication associated with patient discomfort, safety risks, and increased clinical workload. Preoperative anxiety is considered a modifiable risk factor for emergence agitation; however, evidence-based educational interventions targeting the emergence phase are limited. The intervention consists of a standardized, nurse-led preoperative education program providing information on general anesthesia, endotracheal intubation and extubation, the post-anesthesia care unit environment, and expected physical and emotional responses during emergence. Education is delivered through a face-to-face individual session supported by written materials. Patients in the control group receive routine perioperative verbal information in accordance with standard care. Eligible adult patients scheduled for elective general surgery under general anesthesia will be randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group. Preoperative anxiety will be assessed using the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS). Emergence agitation will be evaluated in the post-anesthesia care unit using the Riker Sedation-Agitation Scale (SAS) and the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) during the first 30 minutes after surgery. The primary outcomes are preoperative anxiety levels and the incidence of postoperative emergence agitation. Secondary outcomes include postoperative pain, extubation time and quality, and length of stay in the post-anesthesia care unit. This study seeks to determine whether emergence-focused preoperative education can improve perioperative psychological outcomes and enhance patient safety in surgical care.

Comparing Two Doses of Oral Melatonin as Premedication in Children Undergoing Surgery

Preoperative anxiety is a common issue in pediatric anesthesia. Children often experience anxiety and uneasiness due to uncertain outcomes. Surgery and anesthesia are among the most traumatic experiences for children, often considered anxiety-inducing medical treatments. Because they lack control over their environment and circumstances, children undergoing medical procedures typically experience significant unease or anxiety. Several studies have reported that 50%-80% of children experience preoperative anxiety. In order to reduce kids anxiety intensity, several measures are utilized. These strategies are either pharmacological, psychological, or behavioural. Benzodiazepines are popular drugs that can reduce anxiety in children. The most used one in premedication is midazolam. It is a rapid-acting benzodiazepine that has a short elimination half-life. It has sedative, anxiolytic, hypnotic, and anterograde amnesic effects. Midazolam, on the other hand, might have a number of negative consequences, including paradoxical reactions, interactions with opioids, excessive sedation, disorientation, and reduced psychomotor performance. Melatonin enhances anti-nociceptive effects, most prominently through the modulation of MT1/MT2 receptors in the brain and spinal cord. In addition, it has been demonstrated that melatonin can interact with additional receptors, including those in the GABAergic system, the nitric oxide (NO)arginine route, the N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) system, and the dopaminergic system, to produce anti-nociceptive and anti-allodynic effects.

The Effect of Virtual Reality Education on Preoperative Anxiety, Postoperative Pain, and Sleep in Patients Undergoing Colon Surgery

The effect of patient education given to patients undergoing colon surgery using virtual reality in the preoperative period on preoperative anxiety, postoperative pain and sleep is the subject of this study.

Evaluating the Impact of Virtual Reality on Mood in Patients Undergoing Magnetic Resonance-Guided Focused Ultrasound for Medication-Refractory Essential Tremor

The primary objective of this randomized study is to evaluate the effect of a virtual reality (VR) video on pre-treatment anxiety levels in individuals undergoing magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) treatment for medication-refractory essential tremor (ET). Participants will be randomized to view one of two VR videos, and pre-treatment anxiety levels will be compared between groups. As a secondary objective, the study will compare patient concerns (including claustrophobia, mental preparedness, and fear of pain, as well as any additional concerns identified during the study) between the two randomized groups.

Enhanced Ward Rounds and Communication for Pre-procedural Anxiety in GI Endoscopy Patients

This study tests a new way to help reduce anxiety in hospitalized patients waiting for therapeutic gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy procedures, like EMR or ESD. Anxiety before these procedures is common and can make preparation harder, increase medication needs, and affect recovery. We compare standard ward checks (twice a day) to enhanced checks (four times a day) with structured talks and simple relaxation exercises. The goal is to see if the enhanced approach lowers anxiety levels, measured by a standard scale called the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), from baseline to 24 hours before the procedure. Who can join? Adults (18+) scheduled for inpatient GI endoscopy with at least 2 days hospital stay and mild anxiety. Exclusions include emergencies or severe mental health issues. The study is done in hospital wards, with groups assigned by ward periods to keep it real-world. Benefits may include less anxiety and better experience; risks are low as it's just more supportive talks. Participation is voluntary with informed consent. Results could improve hospital care routines.