Clinical Research Directory

Relation Between Swimming Stroke Types And Scapular Dyskinesia In Swimmers: A Cross - Sectional Study

The goal of this cross-sectional observational study is to examine the relationship between swimming stroke specialization and scapular movement and shoulder function in healthy competitive swimmers aged 13 to 19 years. The study will include 80 swimmers: 20 specializing in each of four strokes-freestyle, backstroke, breaststroke, and butterfly. Each stroke group will include 10 males and 10 females. Eligible swimmers will have at least 5 years of competitive swimming experience and at least 1 year of continuous participation in sanctioned competitions. Swimmers with a major upper-limb injury or surgery in the previous 6 months will not be included. The main questions the study aims to answer are: * Is swimming stroke specialization related to scapular dyskinesia, assessed by measuring scapular upward rotation? * Is swimming stroke specialization related to the strength of the serratus anterior, middle trapezius, and lower trapezius muscles? * Is swimming stroke specialization related to shoulder internal rotation range of motion, posterior shoulder capsular tightness, and pectoralis minor length? Researchers will compare the measurements among the four stroke-specialization groups to determine whether scapular movement and shoulder function differ by stroke type. Assessments will be performed on the participants' dominant side. Participants will: * Complete a Google Form providing demographic and swimming-related information, including age, sex, height, weight, body mass index, dominant side, breathing side, and stroke specialization * Have scapular upward rotation assessed from photographs taken at rest and at 90- and 120-degree arm elevation positions; the photographs will be analyzed using Kinovea software * Have serratus anterior, middle trapezius, and lower trapezius muscle strength measured using a handheld dynamometer * Have shoulder internal rotation range of motion measured using a bubble inclinometer * Complete physical assessments of posterior shoulder capsular tightness and pectoralis minor length This is an observational study. Participants will go through treatment or medication will be given.