Clinical Research Directory

NMBA Reversal and Postoperative Urinary Retention

In this single-center retrospective cohort study of adult patients who underwent surgery under general anesthesia at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center between September 2016 and January 2024, the association between the choice of neuromuscular blocking agent (NMBA) reversal strategy, comparing sugammadex with neostigmine (combined with a muscarinic antagonist), and postoperative urinary retention (POUR) will be evaluated. In secondary analyses, the effects of NMBA reversal strategy and POUR on costs of care and unplanned hospital visits will be analyzed.

Quantitative Neuromuscular Monitoring and Gastric Bypass Surgery

This is a single site, prospective, non-blinded, non-randomized, before/after study. This study is designed to evaluate the impact of monitoring and reversal guidelines for neuromuscular blocking drugs on the post-operative outcomes for patients undergoing laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery.

Sugammadex on Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery

Laparoscopic bariatric surgery has been recognized as the most effective treatment for obesity and related metabolic diseases. Because obesity patients often associated with sleep apnea syndrome or obesity hypoventilation syndrome, combined with the residual effect of muscle relaxants during the operation is easy to lead to respiratory obstruction and respiratory insufficiency, and hypoxemia and carbon dioxide retention are easy to occur after surgery, Post-extubation is prone to upper respiratory tract obstruction such as retrolingual fall, thus increase the risk of perioperative respiratory complications. Therefore, it is very important to achieve a rapid and effective antagonistic muscle relaxant effect, reduce the postoperative muscle relaxation residue, and maintain the patency of the patient's airway. Compared with the traditional cholinesterase inhibitor neostigmine, sugammadex is a specific antagonist of novel aminosteroid muscle blockers, which rapidly reverses moderate and deep neuromuscular block by combining with rocuronium or vecuronium 1:1,without compatibility with due to its no effect on muscarinic receptors or plasma cholinesterase. The absence of cholinergic and cardiovascular effects during awakening from anesthesia would be significant benefit for patients with cardiovascular or respiratory diseases. The pharmacological effect of sugammadex is its ability to form a tight 1:1 complex with amino steroid neuromuscular blockers, which causes a lower plasma concentration of free neuromuscular blockers and promotes the transfer of neuromuscular blockers from the peripheral compartment (including the neuromuscular junction) to the plasma gradient. A meta-analysis by Vaghiri et al showed that reversal of neuromuscular block by sugammadex accelerated postoperative recovery of intestinal peristalsis in patients undergoing colorectal surgery compared with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Deljou et al confirmed that reversal of neuromuscular blockade with sugammadex shortened the time to first postoperative defecation in patients compared with neostigmine / glononium bromide. The study will investigate the effect of sugammadex in patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery.

Effectiveness on Smooth Extubation According to the Administration Time of Sugammadex

After surgery is completed under general anesthesia, extubation is performed after recovery from anesthesia, and during this process, bucking, coughing, and rapid and excessive hemodynamic fluctuations occur very often. These phenomena can lead to high intrathoracic pressure, venous congestion, hematoma formation, or increased bleeding after major neck surgery. (1) They can also increase the risk of aerosol generation, which can transmit infection to health care workers. (2) For this, smooth extubation is required. Methods of administering drugs such as lidocaine, opioids, or dexmedetomidine have been proposed for smooth extubation. (3-5) As a disadvantage, the use of these drugs may be associated with deep sedation and reduced airway reflexes . Recently, Babu et al. (6) reported that bucking and coughing during extubation could be reduced by changing the timing of administering a muscle relaxant antagonist rather than using these sedative drugs, and thus complications related to extubation could be reduced. In general, in the awakening process, it was common to administer the muscle relaxant at the point of recovery of spontaneous breathing. However, Babu et al. demonstrated the possibility of safe and smooth extubation by changing the timing of administering neostigmine without the use of sedatives or narcotic analgesics, but there are few studies on sugammadex. Therefore, when recovering from general anesthesia, sugammadex was administered before and immediately after extubation to evaluate and compare smooth extubation (ie, comparison of the frequency of bucking and coughing).