Clinical Research Directory

Liposomal Bupivacaine Plus Plain Bupivacaine Versus Dexamethasone Plus Plain Bupivacaine in the Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block in Patients With Risk Factors for Severe Acute Postoperative Pain

The supraclavicular brachial plexus block (BPB) is a frequently used anaesthetic method for upper limb surgeries, including distal radial fracture surgery. Adding liposomal bupivacaine to BPB has shown promise in enhancing postoperative pain control. A previous randomized controlled trial demonstrated that it reduced pain scores and OBAS compared to plain bupivacaine alone, especially on postoperative day (POD) 1. Adding adjuncts to non-liposomal local anaesthetics can also enhance and prolong postoperative pain relief. The effectiveness of liposomal bupivacaine compared to adjuncts like dexamethasone and dexmedetomidine remains unclear. Since liposomal bupivacaine is more expensive, it is crucial to compare its analgesic efficacy with these alternatives. A randomized controlled trial comparing liposomal bupivacaine versus dexamethasone in the interscalene BPB for shoulder surgery found that liposomal bupivacaine resulted in statistically significantly lower pain scores and less pain interference in the Brief Pain Inventory, although the reduction was not considered clinically relevant. Its high cost may therefore limit its routine use unless specific clinical contexts where its efficacy is maximized are identified. Notably, patients with risk factors like psychological factors, preoperative pain, and prior analgesic use may benefit most from its application. A randomized controlled trial to compare the analgesic efficacy of liposomal bupivacaine plus plain bupivacaine versus dexamethasone plus plain bupivacaine in supraclavicular BPB for patients at higher risk of poor acute pain control post distal radial fracture surgery will be conducted. Patients with severe preoperative pain, opioid use, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and/or higher energy and high-grade fracture cases will be selected. The primary outcome measured is the intensity of acute postoperative pain with movement in the first 48 hours after surgery. Important secondary outcomes include pain intensity at rest, opioid consumption, OBAS scores, chronic pain, and upper limb functionality.

Parasagittal Vs Cornerpocket Approaches

Brachial plexus blocks are widely used to provide anesthesia for upper limb surgery. Although many different approaches to the brachial plexus block have been described, there is widespread acceptance that injecting at the supraclavicular level is the most reliable method in terms of spread of local anesthetic agent. Each approach of ultrasound guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block (US -SCBPB ) has a different success rate and complications. . A supraclavicular block can provide effective surgical anesthesia of the forearm and hand. The most commonly performed US- SCBPB is the corner pocket approach which was described by Chan et al with probe resting posterior to the clavicle, with postero latero-anteromedial orientation provides a very stable location, but has the disadvantage of "looking" across the first rib, with the apex of the lung visualized close to thePlexus . A new Parasagittal approach for brachial plexus block at the supraclavicular level was studied by Adrian Searle where the arc of the first rib was used to provide a deep limit to needle transit in order to minimize the risk of pneumothorax ;the aim of our study is to further evaluate the parasagittal approach for brachial plexus block and compare it with the popular corner pocket approach